AQA GCSE BIOLOGY
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1. Painkillers do not cure infectious diseases. don't kill
Why? pathogens and
1 mark only treat symp-
toms
2. People may be immunised against diseases using dead
vaccines. pathogens/inac-
Which part of the vaccine stimulates the body's de- tive
fence system? microorganism
2 mark
3. A person has been vaccinated against measles. The white blood cells
person comes in contact with the produce anti-
measles pathogen. The person does not catch bodies quickly
measles. and these an-
Explain why. tibodies destroy
3 mark pathogens.
4. Occasionally a new, resistant strain of a pathogen Antibiotics is inef-
appears. fecctive and so re-
The new strain may spread rapidly. sistant pathogens
Explain why. survive and re-
3 mark produce, increas-
ing the popula-
tion of resistant
pathogens.
5. The student is told to grow some of the bacteria on * Petri dish and
agar jelly in a Petri dish. agar sterilised be-
Describe how the student should prepare an uncont- fore use to kill un-
aminated culture of the bacterium in wanted bacteria.
the Petri dish. * inoculating loop
You should explain the reasons for each of the steps passed through
you describe. flame to kill any
6 mark other unwanted
bacteria.
* lid of Petri dish
opened as little as
possible to prevent
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microbes from air
entering
* sealed with tape
to prevent mi-
crobes from air en-
tering
* incubate to allow
growth of bacteria
6. There are areas on the agar jelly where no bacteria are bacteria killed / de-
growing. stroyed
Why?
7. Sensory neurons the nerve cells that
carry signals as
electrical impulses
from the receptors
in the sense or-
gans to the CNS
8. Relay neurons the nerve cells that
carry signals from
the sensory neu-
rons to the motor
neurons
9. Motor neurons the nerve cells that
carry signals from
the CNS to the ef-
fector.
10. Effectors muscles and
glands - mus-
cles contract and
glands secrete
hormones.
11. Development of resistance The main steps in
the development
of resistance are:
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* antibiotics
kill individual
pathogens of
the non-resistant
strain
* resistant individ-
ual pathogens sur-
vive and repro-
duce
* the popula-
tion of the resis-
tant pathogens in-
creases.
The rate of de-
velopment of re-
sistant strains of
bacteria can be
slowed down. One
way to do this is to
avoid using antibi-
otics for infections
that are not seri-
ous, such as mild
throat infections.
12. Virus Viruses are many
times smaller than
bacteria. They are
among the small-
est organisms
known and con-
sist of a fragment
of genetic material
inside a protective
protein coat.
Viruses can only
reproduce inside
host cells and they
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d4du3m
1. Painkillers do not cure infectious diseases. don't kill
Why? pathogens and
1 mark only treat symp-
toms
2. People may be immunised against diseases using dead
vaccines. pathogens/inac-
Which part of the vaccine stimulates the body's de- tive
fence system? microorganism
2 mark
3. A person has been vaccinated against measles. The white blood cells
person comes in contact with the produce anti-
measles pathogen. The person does not catch bodies quickly
measles. and these an-
Explain why. tibodies destroy
3 mark pathogens.
4. Occasionally a new, resistant strain of a pathogen Antibiotics is inef-
appears. fecctive and so re-
The new strain may spread rapidly. sistant pathogens
Explain why. survive and re-
3 mark produce, increas-
ing the popula-
tion of resistant
pathogens.
5. The student is told to grow some of the bacteria on * Petri dish and
agar jelly in a Petri dish. agar sterilised be-
Describe how the student should prepare an uncont- fore use to kill un-
aminated culture of the bacterium in wanted bacteria.
the Petri dish. * inoculating loop
You should explain the reasons for each of the steps passed through
you describe. flame to kill any
6 mark other unwanted
bacteria.
* lid of Petri dish
opened as little as
possible to prevent
, AQA GCSE BIOLOGY
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d4du3m
microbes from air
entering
* sealed with tape
to prevent mi-
crobes from air en-
tering
* incubate to allow
growth of bacteria
6. There are areas on the agar jelly where no bacteria are bacteria killed / de-
growing. stroyed
Why?
7. Sensory neurons the nerve cells that
carry signals as
electrical impulses
from the receptors
in the sense or-
gans to the CNS
8. Relay neurons the nerve cells that
carry signals from
the sensory neu-
rons to the motor
neurons
9. Motor neurons the nerve cells that
carry signals from
the CNS to the ef-
fector.
10. Effectors muscles and
glands - mus-
cles contract and
glands secrete
hormones.
11. Development of resistance The main steps in
the development
of resistance are:
, AQA GCSE BIOLOGY
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d4du3m
* antibiotics
kill individual
pathogens of
the non-resistant
strain
* resistant individ-
ual pathogens sur-
vive and repro-
duce
* the popula-
tion of the resis-
tant pathogens in-
creases.
The rate of de-
velopment of re-
sistant strains of
bacteria can be
slowed down. One
way to do this is to
avoid using antibi-
otics for infections
that are not seri-
ous, such as mild
throat infections.
12. Virus Viruses are many
times smaller than
bacteria. They are
among the small-
est organisms
known and con-
sist of a fragment
of genetic material
inside a protective
protein coat.
Viruses can only
reproduce inside
host cells and they
