BSN HESI 266 MED SURG EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
VERIFIED.
Radiation therapy consequences - ANS Chronic esophagitis with gastroesophageal reflux is a
potential consequence of radiation therapy for breast cancer.
Pathologic fracture - ANS Fractures that occur without evidence of trauma, often due to loss
of bone density from radiation damage.
Sexual activity after myocardial infarction - ANS Sexual intercourse after an MI requires no
more energy expenditure or cardiac stress than walking briskly up two flights of stairs.
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube - ANS A type of feeding tube that differs
from a gastrostomy tube primarily in the method of insertion.
PEG tube - ANS A tube inserted endoscopically through the esophagus into the stomach, held
in place by a bumper and a water-filled balloon.
GT - ANS A tube inserted through an incision in the abdomen and sutured to the gastric wall.
Proctosigmoidoscopy preparation - ANS Includes obtaining consent, a clear-liquid diet for 24
to 48 hours prior, administration of an enema, and fasting on the morning of the procedure.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 37
,Dysuria in diabetes - ANS Elevated fingerstick glucose levels (e.g., 300 mg/dl) need to be
reported to adjust the care plan.
Right renal calculi nursing diagnosis priority - ANS Acute pain related to movement of the
stone.
Chemotherapy initiation - ANS Starting chemotherapy early increases the chance of
eradicating cancer cells, as 50% of tumor cells are killed with each dose.
Asterixis - ANS A clinical sign of liver disease characterized by a flapping tremor of the hands.
Clear-liquid diet - ANS A diet consisting of clear fluids, often required 24 to 48 hours before
certain medical procedures.
Enema - ANS A procedure to introduce liquid into the rectum to stimulate a bowel movement
or cleanse the bowel before a procedure.
Fasting protocol - ANS Refraining from all food and drink for a specified period, often
required before medical procedures.
Suprapubic pain - ANS Pain located in the lower abdomen, often associated with urinary
issues.
Bounding pulse - ANS A pulse that feels strong and full, often measured at 100 beats/minute
in this context.
Small vesicular perineal lesions - ANS Fluid-filled blisters in the perineal area, which may
indicate an infection or other medical condition.
Acute pain - ANS Severe discomfort that arises suddenly, often related to conditions like renal
calculi.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 37
,Impaired urinary elimination - ANS Difficulty in passing urine, often due to obstruction.
Risk for infection - ANS Increased likelihood of developing an infection, often due to
conditions like urinary stasis.
Deficient knowledge - ANS A lack of understanding or information regarding a specific health
condition or its management.
Collateral circulation - ANS Alternative pathways of blood flow that develop as a response to
blockage or narrowing of blood vessels.
Cell cycle rate - ANS The speed at which a cell progresses through the phases of growth and
division, impacting its sensitivity to chemotherapy.
Tumor cell count reduction - ANS The process by which chemotherapy reduces the number
of cancer cells, with each dose killing approximately 50%.
Asterixis - ANS A hand-flapping tremor that is often seen frequently in hepatic
encephalopathy, induced by extending the arm and dorsiflexing the wrist.
Postoperative Observation - ANS The observation of a pulse change from 85 to 160
beats/minute lasting more than 10 minutes should alert the nurse to call the Rapid Response
Team (RRT).
Rapid Response Team (RRT) - ANS A team called to intervene for a client with an acute life-
threatening change.
Valsalva Maneuver - ANS Straining with bowel movements while holding one's breath, which
increases intracerebral pressure (ICP) and may induce bleeding or rupture of cerebral blood
vessels.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 37
, HIV Post-Test Counseling - ANS Encouraging retesting supports hope and gives the client time
to cope with the diagnosis.
Safety Checklist for Surgery - ANS Items such as nail polish, contact lenses, and partial
dentures should be removed to provide accurate pulse oximetry readings and prevent damage
during surgery.
Nail Polish Removal - ANS Removal provides a more accurate pulse oximetry reading and
evaluation of capillary refill.
Monitoring for Battle's Sign - ANS A nursing action that should be included in the plan of care
for a client admitted with a hemorrhagic stroke.
Active Range of Motion - ANS Performing active range of motion three times daily is a
nursing action for post-stroke care.
Temperature and WBC Count - ANS A temperature of 103.1 F and a white blood cell (WBC)
count of 16,000 mm3 are significant observations postoperatively.
Surgical Wound Dressing - ANS Fresh bleeding noted on abdominal surgical wound dressing is
a concerning observation for a postoperative client.
Diaphoresis and Weakness - ANS Weakness, diaphoresis, and complaints of feeling faint with
BP 100/56 mm Hg are signs that may indicate a need for urgent care.
Dorsiflexing the Wrist - ANS A movement that induces asterixis when attempting to hold the
position.
Client's Arm Position for Asterixis Test - ANS The client should extend the arm, dorsiflex the
wrist, and extend the fingers.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 4 OF 37
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
VERIFIED.
Radiation therapy consequences - ANS Chronic esophagitis with gastroesophageal reflux is a
potential consequence of radiation therapy for breast cancer.
Pathologic fracture - ANS Fractures that occur without evidence of trauma, often due to loss
of bone density from radiation damage.
Sexual activity after myocardial infarction - ANS Sexual intercourse after an MI requires no
more energy expenditure or cardiac stress than walking briskly up two flights of stairs.
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube - ANS A type of feeding tube that differs
from a gastrostomy tube primarily in the method of insertion.
PEG tube - ANS A tube inserted endoscopically through the esophagus into the stomach, held
in place by a bumper and a water-filled balloon.
GT - ANS A tube inserted through an incision in the abdomen and sutured to the gastric wall.
Proctosigmoidoscopy preparation - ANS Includes obtaining consent, a clear-liquid diet for 24
to 48 hours prior, administration of an enema, and fasting on the morning of the procedure.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 37
,Dysuria in diabetes - ANS Elevated fingerstick glucose levels (e.g., 300 mg/dl) need to be
reported to adjust the care plan.
Right renal calculi nursing diagnosis priority - ANS Acute pain related to movement of the
stone.
Chemotherapy initiation - ANS Starting chemotherapy early increases the chance of
eradicating cancer cells, as 50% of tumor cells are killed with each dose.
Asterixis - ANS A clinical sign of liver disease characterized by a flapping tremor of the hands.
Clear-liquid diet - ANS A diet consisting of clear fluids, often required 24 to 48 hours before
certain medical procedures.
Enema - ANS A procedure to introduce liquid into the rectum to stimulate a bowel movement
or cleanse the bowel before a procedure.
Fasting protocol - ANS Refraining from all food and drink for a specified period, often
required before medical procedures.
Suprapubic pain - ANS Pain located in the lower abdomen, often associated with urinary
issues.
Bounding pulse - ANS A pulse that feels strong and full, often measured at 100 beats/minute
in this context.
Small vesicular perineal lesions - ANS Fluid-filled blisters in the perineal area, which may
indicate an infection or other medical condition.
Acute pain - ANS Severe discomfort that arises suddenly, often related to conditions like renal
calculi.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 37
,Impaired urinary elimination - ANS Difficulty in passing urine, often due to obstruction.
Risk for infection - ANS Increased likelihood of developing an infection, often due to
conditions like urinary stasis.
Deficient knowledge - ANS A lack of understanding or information regarding a specific health
condition or its management.
Collateral circulation - ANS Alternative pathways of blood flow that develop as a response to
blockage or narrowing of blood vessels.
Cell cycle rate - ANS The speed at which a cell progresses through the phases of growth and
division, impacting its sensitivity to chemotherapy.
Tumor cell count reduction - ANS The process by which chemotherapy reduces the number
of cancer cells, with each dose killing approximately 50%.
Asterixis - ANS A hand-flapping tremor that is often seen frequently in hepatic
encephalopathy, induced by extending the arm and dorsiflexing the wrist.
Postoperative Observation - ANS The observation of a pulse change from 85 to 160
beats/minute lasting more than 10 minutes should alert the nurse to call the Rapid Response
Team (RRT).
Rapid Response Team (RRT) - ANS A team called to intervene for a client with an acute life-
threatening change.
Valsalva Maneuver - ANS Straining with bowel movements while holding one's breath, which
increases intracerebral pressure (ICP) and may induce bleeding or rupture of cerebral blood
vessels.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 37
, HIV Post-Test Counseling - ANS Encouraging retesting supports hope and gives the client time
to cope with the diagnosis.
Safety Checklist for Surgery - ANS Items such as nail polish, contact lenses, and partial
dentures should be removed to provide accurate pulse oximetry readings and prevent damage
during surgery.
Nail Polish Removal - ANS Removal provides a more accurate pulse oximetry reading and
evaluation of capillary refill.
Monitoring for Battle's Sign - ANS A nursing action that should be included in the plan of care
for a client admitted with a hemorrhagic stroke.
Active Range of Motion - ANS Performing active range of motion three times daily is a
nursing action for post-stroke care.
Temperature and WBC Count - ANS A temperature of 103.1 F and a white blood cell (WBC)
count of 16,000 mm3 are significant observations postoperatively.
Surgical Wound Dressing - ANS Fresh bleeding noted on abdominal surgical wound dressing is
a concerning observation for a postoperative client.
Diaphoresis and Weakness - ANS Weakness, diaphoresis, and complaints of feeling faint with
BP 100/56 mm Hg are signs that may indicate a need for urgent care.
Dorsiflexing the Wrist - ANS A movement that induces asterixis when attempting to hold the
position.
Client's Arm Position for Asterixis Test - ANS The client should extend the arm, dorsiflex the
wrist, and extend the fingers.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 4 OF 37
