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(2026 Expert-Verified Final
Exam Q & A )
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,frontal lobe function voluntary movement problem solving, memory, decision making, impulse control,
language
Broca's area frontal lobe- expressive speech
Wernicke's area temporal lobe- receptive speech
Temporal lobe damage can cause: a/v hallucinations, aphasia, amnesia
Frontal lobe damage can cause: personality changes, emotional and intellectual changes
Occipital lobe damage can cause: visual field defects, blindness, visual hallucinations
Parietal lobe damage can cause: sensory-perceptual disturbances and agnosia
Agnosia the inability to recognize familiar objects
cerebral cortex is responsible for: "what makes us human" speech, cognition, judgment, perception, motor function
Amygdala function aggression, fear, anxiety, emotions
What medications reduce amygdala hyperactivity? SSRI's, benzos
hippocampus function Emotions
Stress
Learning
Motivation
Memory conversion ST to LT
hypothalamus function appetite, thirst, sleep, temp, hormones
cerebellum function balance, posture, coordination
2026
, 4 main parts of the lymbic system? amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus
How to Perform the Romberg Test Assesses cerebellum:
Ask the patient to stand with feet together and arms at sides.
First, observe balance with eyes open (baseline).
Then, ask the patient to close their eyes.
Observe for swaying or loss of balance for about 20-30 seconds.
CYP450 inducers Carbamazepine
Oxcarbazepine
St. John's Wort
Phenytoin
Phenobarbital
Tobacco
Oral contraceptives
Methadone
Retrovirals/Cyclosporine
CYP450 inhibitors Bupropion
Clomipramine
Cimetidine
Clarithromycin
Fluoroquinolones
Omeprazole
Grapefruit juice
Ketoconazole
Nefazodone
SSRIs
mental status screening tools SLUM, MMSE
Higher scores are better
SLUM scoring 27-30 Normal
21-26 Mild
0-20 dementia
MMSE scoring 25-30 Normal
21-24 Mild impairment
16-20 MODERATE impairment
0-15 Severe
Depression screening tools HAM-D, PHQ9, Beck
Higher score is worse
HAM-D scoring 0-7 Normal
8-13 Mild
14-18 MODERATE
19+ Severe
PHQ-9 scoring 0-4 none
5-9 mild depression
10-14 MODERATE
15-19 mod. severe
20-27 severe depression
Beck scoring 0-13 minimal
14-19 mild
20-28 MODERATE
29-63 severe
2026