COM 304 EXAM 1 REVIEW QUESTIONS & VERIFIED
ANSWERS
What is the process in which a qualitative researcher considers their own biases,
experiences, and perceptions as they relate to the research that was done? - answers -
reflexivity
Aside from focus groups, name 2 other qualitative methods. - answers - in-depth
interviews, case study, textual analysis, ethnography
What is the point at which no new themes or findings emerge in the data - answers -
saturation
What are the three steps we learned for analyzing qualitative data? - answers -
transcription, open/initial coding, focused/axial coding
What are three best practices for designing a qualitative methods protocol? - answers -
1. Open-ended questions, 2. Avoid leading questions, 3. Include probes, 4. Move from
broad to specific, etc.
Identify two differences between quantitative and qualitative research questions. -
answers - 1. Causal vs. Interpretive, 2. Dichotomous vs. Open-ended, 3. Multiple
variables (usually) vs. Single variable (usually), 4. Confirmatory vs. Exploratory
What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning? - answers -
induction starts with observation and moves to developing theory. Deduction is the
opposite.
Describe the difference between a nomothetic and idiographic approach. - answers -
nomothetic = many cases but surface level, idiographic = few cases but doing a deep
dive
Name 2 of 4 purposes of social scientific research. - answers - exploration, description,
explanation, application
Identify 2 characteristics of scientific research. - answers - 1. Empirical, 2. Systematic,
3. Intersubjective and replicable, 4. Cyclical and self-correcting
This paradigm is associated with the role of gender in power differences in society. -
answers - feminist paradigm
This theory suggests the elements of a threat appeal that are necessary to persuade
audiences by evoking fear. - answers - extended parallel process model
, This paradigm is associated with concepts like the looking glass self, social
construction, interpretivism. - answers - symbolic interactionism
This paradigm is characterized by a focus on the role of power differences in societal
status quos. - answers - conflict paradigm
Identify 2 criteria we use to evaluate social science theories - answers - testability
falsifiability parsimony scope explanatory power predictive power cumulative research
formality heuristic value aesthetics
What is the act of informing participants about deception and study procedures after the
participant completes the study? - answers - debrief
Describe the difference between anonymity and confidentiality. - answers - anonymity =
no one (including researcher) knows who provided data, confidentiality = researcher
knows who provided data but chooses not to share
The idea that participants should musts be willing to take part in the research is... -
answers - voluntary participation
Identify 2 elements that should be included in an informed consent document. - answers
- potential risks/harms expected duration potential benefits confidentiality, privacy, and
anonymity withdrawal is okay and not penalized contact info (researcher and irb) special
circumstances
The three guidelines put forth by the belmont report are... - answers - beneficence,
respect for persons, justice
Name the level of measurement: hair color - answers - nominal
Describe the distinction between random and systematic measurement error. - answers
- random = cannot be predicted with no pattern of bias, systematic = can be predicted
with patterned evidence of bias
Name the level of measurement: media literacy on a 7-point scale of 1-7 - answers -
interval
Identify the variables in this hypothesis: "a video with mixed-affective portrayals will be
associated with higher levels of compassion than other videos." - answers - 1. Video
type (mixed-affective or other), 2. Compassion
What is the difference between a conceptual and operational definition. - answers -
conceptual definition = what researchers consider the concept to mean at a theoretical
level, operational definition = how researchers plan to measure/observe the concept
ANSWERS
What is the process in which a qualitative researcher considers their own biases,
experiences, and perceptions as they relate to the research that was done? - answers -
reflexivity
Aside from focus groups, name 2 other qualitative methods. - answers - in-depth
interviews, case study, textual analysis, ethnography
What is the point at which no new themes or findings emerge in the data - answers -
saturation
What are the three steps we learned for analyzing qualitative data? - answers -
transcription, open/initial coding, focused/axial coding
What are three best practices for designing a qualitative methods protocol? - answers -
1. Open-ended questions, 2. Avoid leading questions, 3. Include probes, 4. Move from
broad to specific, etc.
Identify two differences between quantitative and qualitative research questions. -
answers - 1. Causal vs. Interpretive, 2. Dichotomous vs. Open-ended, 3. Multiple
variables (usually) vs. Single variable (usually), 4. Confirmatory vs. Exploratory
What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning? - answers -
induction starts with observation and moves to developing theory. Deduction is the
opposite.
Describe the difference between a nomothetic and idiographic approach. - answers -
nomothetic = many cases but surface level, idiographic = few cases but doing a deep
dive
Name 2 of 4 purposes of social scientific research. - answers - exploration, description,
explanation, application
Identify 2 characteristics of scientific research. - answers - 1. Empirical, 2. Systematic,
3. Intersubjective and replicable, 4. Cyclical and self-correcting
This paradigm is associated with the role of gender in power differences in society. -
answers - feminist paradigm
This theory suggests the elements of a threat appeal that are necessary to persuade
audiences by evoking fear. - answers - extended parallel process model
, This paradigm is associated with concepts like the looking glass self, social
construction, interpretivism. - answers - symbolic interactionism
This paradigm is characterized by a focus on the role of power differences in societal
status quos. - answers - conflict paradigm
Identify 2 criteria we use to evaluate social science theories - answers - testability
falsifiability parsimony scope explanatory power predictive power cumulative research
formality heuristic value aesthetics
What is the act of informing participants about deception and study procedures after the
participant completes the study? - answers - debrief
Describe the difference between anonymity and confidentiality. - answers - anonymity =
no one (including researcher) knows who provided data, confidentiality = researcher
knows who provided data but chooses not to share
The idea that participants should musts be willing to take part in the research is... -
answers - voluntary participation
Identify 2 elements that should be included in an informed consent document. - answers
- potential risks/harms expected duration potential benefits confidentiality, privacy, and
anonymity withdrawal is okay and not penalized contact info (researcher and irb) special
circumstances
The three guidelines put forth by the belmont report are... - answers - beneficence,
respect for persons, justice
Name the level of measurement: hair color - answers - nominal
Describe the distinction between random and systematic measurement error. - answers
- random = cannot be predicted with no pattern of bias, systematic = can be predicted
with patterned evidence of bias
Name the level of measurement: media literacy on a 7-point scale of 1-7 - answers -
interval
Identify the variables in this hypothesis: "a video with mixed-affective portrayals will be
associated with higher levels of compassion than other videos." - answers - 1. Video
type (mixed-affective or other), 2. Compassion
What is the difference between a conceptual and operational definition. - answers -
conceptual definition = what researchers consider the concept to mean at a theoretical
level, operational definition = how researchers plan to measure/observe the concept
