2026
Master Exam Prep Bundle
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, What is the purpose of statistics? To help separate signal from noise in data.
What is a variable? Anything that differs across people or observations.
What are outcome/dependent variables? The variables we are trying to explain.
What are predictor/independent variables? The variables we are using to explain the outcome.
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative Qualitative variables are categories; quantitative variables are numbers.
variables?
What is a nominal scale? A scale with unordered categories, such as species names.
What is an ordinal scale? A scale with ordered categories that can be ranked, but gaps are not necessarily
equal.
What is an interval scale? A scale with ordered categories and equal intervals, but no true zero point.
What is a ratio scale? A numerical scale with ordered categories, equal intervals, and a true zero point.
What is central tendency? A measure that indicates where the center of a data set tends to be.
What are the three measures of central tendency? Mode, median, and mean.
What is the mode? The most frequent score value in a data set.
What is the median? The middlemost score that splits the top half from the bottom half of the data.
What is the mean? The average of all scores in a data set.
What is variability in statistics? The measure of how spread out the scores are in a data set.
2026