Immunology & Serology (Questions)
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1. *From the following, identify a *D. Immunoglobulin is a specic part of the
specic component of the adap- adaptive immune system and is formed
tive immune system that is only in response to a specic antigenic
formed in response to antigenic stimulation. Complement, lysozyme, and
stimulation: commensal organisms all act nonspeci-
A. Lysozyme cally as a part of the adaptive immune
B. Complement system. These three components do not
C. Commensal organisms require any type of specic antigenic stim-
D. Immunoglobulin ulation.
2. *Which two organs are con- *B. The bone marrow and thymus are
sidered the primary lymphoid considered primary lymphoid organs be-
organs in which immunocom- cause immunocompetent cells either orig-
petent cells originate and ma- inate or mature in them. Some immuno-
ture? competent cells mature or reside in the
A. Thyroid and Peyer's patches bone marrow (the source of all hematopoi-
B. Thymus and bone marrow etic cells) until transported to the thymus,
C. Spleen and mucosal-associ- spleen, or Peyer's patches, where they
ated lymphoid tissue (MALT) process antigen or manufacture antibody.
D. Lymph nodes and thoracic T lymphocytes, after originating in the
duct bone marrow, travel to the thymus to ma-
ture and dierentiate.
3. *What type of B cells are formed *A. Mature B cells exhibit surface im-
after antigen stimulation? munoglobulin that may cross link a foreign
A. Plasma cells and memory B antigen, thus forming the activated B cell
cells and leading to capping and internalization
B. Mature B cells of antigen. The activated B cell gives rise
C. Antigen-dependent B cells to plasma cells that produce and secrete
*A Mature B cells exhibit sur- immunoglobulins and memory cells that
face immunoglobulin that may reside in lymphoid organs.
cross link a foreign antigen,
thus forming the activated B
cell and leading to capping and
internalization of antigen. The
activated B cell gives rise to
plasma cells that produce and
secrete immunoglobulins and
memory cells that reside in lym-
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phoid organs.D. Receptor-acti-
vated B cells
4. *T cells travel from the bone *B. Immature T cells travel from the bone
marrow to the thymus for matu- marrow to the thymus to mature into
ration. What is the correct order functional T cells. Once in the thymus,
of the maturation sequence for T cells undergo a selection and matu-
T cells in the thymus? ration sequence that begins in the cor-
A. Bone marrow to the cor- tex and moves to the medulla of the thy-
tex; after thymic education, re- mus. Thymic factors such as thymosin and
leased back to peripheral circu- thymopoietin and cells within the thymus
lation such as macrophages and dendritic cells
B. Maturation and selection oc- assist in this sequence. After completion
cur in the cortex; migration to of the maturation cycle, T cells are re-
the medulla; release of mature leased to secondary lymphoid organs to
T cells to secondary lymphoid await antigen recognition and activation.
organs
C. Storage in either the cortex
or medulla; release of T cells
into the peripheral circulation
D. Activation and selection oc-
cur in the medulla; mature T
cells are stored in the cortex un-
til activated by antigen
5. *Which cluster of dierentiation *B. The CD2 marker appears during the
(CD) marker appears during the rst stage of T-cell development and can
rst stage of T-cell development be used to dierentiate T cells from oth-
and remains present as an iden- er lymphocytes. This T-lymphocyte recep-
tifying marker for T cells? tor binds sheep red blood cells (RBCs).
A. CD1 This peculiar characteristic was the basis
B. CD2 for the classic E rosette test once used
C. CD3 to enumerate T cells in peripheral blood.
D. CD4 or CD8 CD2 is not specic for T cells, however, and
is also found on large granular lympho-
cytes (LGL or natural killer [NK] cells).
6. *Which markers are found on
mature, peripheral helper T
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cells? A. CD1, CD2, CD4 *D. Mature, peripheral helper T cells have
B. CD2, CD3, CD8 the CD2 (E rosette), CD3 (mature T cell),
C. CD1, CD3, CD4 and CD4 (helper) markers.
D. CD2, CD3, CD4
7. *Which T cell expresses the *C. T cytotoxic cells recognize antigen in
CD8 marker and acts specically association with major histocompatibility
to kill tumors or virally infected complex (MHC) class I complexes and act
cells? against target cells that express foreign
A. Helper T antigens. These include viral antigens and
B. T suppressor the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) that
C. T cytotoxic are the target of graft rejection
D. T inducer/suppressor
8. *How are cytotoxic T cells (TC *B. Both TC and NK cells are eective
cells) and natural killer (NK) against virally infected cells, and neither
cells similar? requires antibody to be present to bind to
A. Require antibody to be pre- infected cells. NK cells do not exhibit MHC
sent B. Eective against virally class restriction, whereas activation of TC
infected cells cells requires the presence of MHC class
C. Recognize antigen in associ- I molecules in association with the viral
ation with HLA class II markers antigen.
D. Do not bind to infected cells
9. *What is the name of the *C. Chemotaxis is the process by which
process by which phagocytic phagocytic cells are attracted toward an
cells are attracted to a sub- area where they detect a disturbance
stance such as a bacterial pep- in the normal functions of body tissues.
tide? Products from bacteria and viruses, com-
A. Diapedesis plement components, coagulation pro-
B. Degranulation teins, and cytokines from other immune
C. Chemotaxis cells may all act as chemotactic factors.
D. Phagotaxis
10. *All of the following are im- *A. Complement components are serum
munologic functions of com- proteins that function in opsonization,
plement except: chemotaxis, and anaphylatoxin formation
A. Induction of an antiviral state but do not induce an antiviral state in tar-
B. Opsonization get cells. This function is performed by
interferons
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C. Chemotaxis
D. Anaphylatoxin formation
11. *Which complement compo- *D. C3 is found in both the classic and
nent is found in both the classic alternative (alternate) pathways of the
and alternative pathways? complement system. In the classic path-
A. C1 way, C3b forms a complex on the cell
B. C4 with C4b2a that enzymatically cleaves C5.
C. Factor D In the alternative pathway, C3b binds to
D. C3 an activator on the cell surface. It forms
a complex with factor B called C3bBb
which, like C4b2a3b, can split C5.
12. *Which immunoglobulin(s) *C. Both IgG and IgM are the immunoglob-
help(s) initiate the classic com- ulins that help to initiate the activation of
plement pathway? the classic complement pathway. IgM is a
A. IgA and IgD more potent complement activator, how-
B. IgM only ever.
C. IgG and IgM
D. IgG only
13. *How is complement activity *A. Complement activity in serum in vit-
destroyed in vitro? ro is destroyed by heating the serum at
A. Heating serum at 56°C for 30 56°C for 30 min. In test procedures where
min complement may interfere with the test
B. Keeping serum at room tem- system, it may be necessary to destroy
perature of 22°C for 1 hour complement activity in the test sample by
C. Heating serum at 37°C for 45 heat inactivation.
min
D. Freezing serum at 0°C for 24
hours
14. *What is the purpose of C3a, *B. C3a, C4a, and C5a are split products
C4a, and C5a, the split products of the complement cascade that partici-
of the complement cascade? pate in various biological functions such
A. To bind with specic mem- as vasodilation and smooth muscle con-
brane receptors of lympho- traction. These small peptides act as ana-
cytes and cause release of cy- phylatoxins, e.g., eector molecules that
totoxic substances participate in the inammatory response to
B. To cause increased vascu-
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1. *From the following, identify a *D. Immunoglobulin is a specic part of the
specic component of the adap- adaptive immune system and is formed
tive immune system that is only in response to a specic antigenic
formed in response to antigenic stimulation. Complement, lysozyme, and
stimulation: commensal organisms all act nonspeci-
A. Lysozyme cally as a part of the adaptive immune
B. Complement system. These three components do not
C. Commensal organisms require any type of specic antigenic stim-
D. Immunoglobulin ulation.
2. *Which two organs are con- *B. The bone marrow and thymus are
sidered the primary lymphoid considered primary lymphoid organs be-
organs in which immunocom- cause immunocompetent cells either orig-
petent cells originate and ma- inate or mature in them. Some immuno-
ture? competent cells mature or reside in the
A. Thyroid and Peyer's patches bone marrow (the source of all hematopoi-
B. Thymus and bone marrow etic cells) until transported to the thymus,
C. Spleen and mucosal-associ- spleen, or Peyer's patches, where they
ated lymphoid tissue (MALT) process antigen or manufacture antibody.
D. Lymph nodes and thoracic T lymphocytes, after originating in the
duct bone marrow, travel to the thymus to ma-
ture and dierentiate.
3. *What type of B cells are formed *A. Mature B cells exhibit surface im-
after antigen stimulation? munoglobulin that may cross link a foreign
A. Plasma cells and memory B antigen, thus forming the activated B cell
cells and leading to capping and internalization
B. Mature B cells of antigen. The activated B cell gives rise
C. Antigen-dependent B cells to plasma cells that produce and secrete
*A Mature B cells exhibit sur- immunoglobulins and memory cells that
face immunoglobulin that may reside in lymphoid organs.
cross link a foreign antigen,
thus forming the activated B
cell and leading to capping and
internalization of antigen. The
activated B cell gives rise to
plasma cells that produce and
secrete immunoglobulins and
memory cells that reside in lym-
, Immunology & Serology (Questions)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fgq2z6
phoid organs.D. Receptor-acti-
vated B cells
4. *T cells travel from the bone *B. Immature T cells travel from the bone
marrow to the thymus for matu- marrow to the thymus to mature into
ration. What is the correct order functional T cells. Once in the thymus,
of the maturation sequence for T cells undergo a selection and matu-
T cells in the thymus? ration sequence that begins in the cor-
A. Bone marrow to the cor- tex and moves to the medulla of the thy-
tex; after thymic education, re- mus. Thymic factors such as thymosin and
leased back to peripheral circu- thymopoietin and cells within the thymus
lation such as macrophages and dendritic cells
B. Maturation and selection oc- assist in this sequence. After completion
cur in the cortex; migration to of the maturation cycle, T cells are re-
the medulla; release of mature leased to secondary lymphoid organs to
T cells to secondary lymphoid await antigen recognition and activation.
organs
C. Storage in either the cortex
or medulla; release of T cells
into the peripheral circulation
D. Activation and selection oc-
cur in the medulla; mature T
cells are stored in the cortex un-
til activated by antigen
5. *Which cluster of dierentiation *B. The CD2 marker appears during the
(CD) marker appears during the rst stage of T-cell development and can
rst stage of T-cell development be used to dierentiate T cells from oth-
and remains present as an iden- er lymphocytes. This T-lymphocyte recep-
tifying marker for T cells? tor binds sheep red blood cells (RBCs).
A. CD1 This peculiar characteristic was the basis
B. CD2 for the classic E rosette test once used
C. CD3 to enumerate T cells in peripheral blood.
D. CD4 or CD8 CD2 is not specic for T cells, however, and
is also found on large granular lympho-
cytes (LGL or natural killer [NK] cells).
6. *Which markers are found on
mature, peripheral helper T
, Immunology & Serology (Questions)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fgq2z6
cells? A. CD1, CD2, CD4 *D. Mature, peripheral helper T cells have
B. CD2, CD3, CD8 the CD2 (E rosette), CD3 (mature T cell),
C. CD1, CD3, CD4 and CD4 (helper) markers.
D. CD2, CD3, CD4
7. *Which T cell expresses the *C. T cytotoxic cells recognize antigen in
CD8 marker and acts specically association with major histocompatibility
to kill tumors or virally infected complex (MHC) class I complexes and act
cells? against target cells that express foreign
A. Helper T antigens. These include viral antigens and
B. T suppressor the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) that
C. T cytotoxic are the target of graft rejection
D. T inducer/suppressor
8. *How are cytotoxic T cells (TC *B. Both TC and NK cells are eective
cells) and natural killer (NK) against virally infected cells, and neither
cells similar? requires antibody to be present to bind to
A. Require antibody to be pre- infected cells. NK cells do not exhibit MHC
sent B. Eective against virally class restriction, whereas activation of TC
infected cells cells requires the presence of MHC class
C. Recognize antigen in associ- I molecules in association with the viral
ation with HLA class II markers antigen.
D. Do not bind to infected cells
9. *What is the name of the *C. Chemotaxis is the process by which
process by which phagocytic phagocytic cells are attracted toward an
cells are attracted to a sub- area where they detect a disturbance
stance such as a bacterial pep- in the normal functions of body tissues.
tide? Products from bacteria and viruses, com-
A. Diapedesis plement components, coagulation pro-
B. Degranulation teins, and cytokines from other immune
C. Chemotaxis cells may all act as chemotactic factors.
D. Phagotaxis
10. *All of the following are im- *A. Complement components are serum
munologic functions of com- proteins that function in opsonization,
plement except: chemotaxis, and anaphylatoxin formation
A. Induction of an antiviral state but do not induce an antiviral state in tar-
B. Opsonization get cells. This function is performed by
interferons
, Immunology & Serology (Questions)
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C. Chemotaxis
D. Anaphylatoxin formation
11. *Which complement compo- *D. C3 is found in both the classic and
nent is found in both the classic alternative (alternate) pathways of the
and alternative pathways? complement system. In the classic path-
A. C1 way, C3b forms a complex on the cell
B. C4 with C4b2a that enzymatically cleaves C5.
C. Factor D In the alternative pathway, C3b binds to
D. C3 an activator on the cell surface. It forms
a complex with factor B called C3bBb
which, like C4b2a3b, can split C5.
12. *Which immunoglobulin(s) *C. Both IgG and IgM are the immunoglob-
help(s) initiate the classic com- ulins that help to initiate the activation of
plement pathway? the classic complement pathway. IgM is a
A. IgA and IgD more potent complement activator, how-
B. IgM only ever.
C. IgG and IgM
D. IgG only
13. *How is complement activity *A. Complement activity in serum in vit-
destroyed in vitro? ro is destroyed by heating the serum at
A. Heating serum at 56°C for 30 56°C for 30 min. In test procedures where
min complement may interfere with the test
B. Keeping serum at room tem- system, it may be necessary to destroy
perature of 22°C for 1 hour complement activity in the test sample by
C. Heating serum at 37°C for 45 heat inactivation.
min
D. Freezing serum at 0°C for 24
hours
14. *What is the purpose of C3a, *B. C3a, C4a, and C5a are split products
C4a, and C5a, the split products of the complement cascade that partici-
of the complement cascade? pate in various biological functions such
A. To bind with specic mem- as vasodilation and smooth muscle con-
brane receptors of lympho- traction. These small peptides act as ana-
cytes and cause release of cy- phylatoxins, e.g., eector molecules that
totoxic substances participate in the inammatory response to
B. To cause increased vascu-
