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Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, developed a theory of how
cognition develops and changes over time. Piaget proposed
that a child's intellect progresses through four stages: 1.
Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years) 2. Preoperational (2 to 7 years)
3. Concrete operational (7 to 11 years) 4. Formal operational
(11 years to adulthood) Children learn through active
interaction and manipulation of the environment. The stage the
child is in determines how they see the world. Piaget believed
all students pass through the stages in order and cannot skip
,any stage. - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Piaget's Theory of Cognitive
Development
Mental patterns that guide behavior; cognitive structures that
help children process and organize information to make sense
of the environment - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Schemes
Understanding new experiences in terms of existing schemes -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Assimilation
Modifying existing schemes to fit new situations in the
environment. When old ways of dealing with the environment
don't work, a child modifies an existing scheme stimulated by
new information or a new experience - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
Accommodation
The process of adjusting schemes in response to the
environment through assimilation or accommodation.
According to Piaget, this is how learning occurs. - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-Adaptation
The process of restoring balance between present
understanding and new experiences. According to Piaget,
,learning depends on this process so it is important for teachers
to confront students with new experiences or data to advance
their cognitive development. - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Equilibration
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Disequilibrium
An imbalance between what a child understands and what the
child encounters through new experiences. - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
Disequilibrium
The earliest stage (birth to 2 years) of cognitive development
during which infants learn about the environment by using
their senses and motor skills. Children develop "object
permanence" and progress from reflexive behavior to goal-
directed behavior. - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Sensorimotor Stage
The fact that objects are physically stable and exist even when
the objects are not in the child's physical presence. This enables
the child to start using symbols to represent things in their
minds so they can think about them. - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Object
Permanence
, The second stage (2 to 7 years) of cognitive development in
which children learn to represent things in their mind. During
this stage students develop the ability to use symbols to
represent objects in the world. Thinking remains egocentric and
centered. - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Preoperational Stage
Believing that everyone sees the world as you do. -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Egocentric
The concept that certain properties of an object remain the
same regardless of changes in other properties. - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-Conservation
Paying attention to only one aspect of an object or situation;
what is commonly called tunnel vision. - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
Centration
The ability to perform a mental operation and then reverse
thinking to return to the starting point. - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
Reversibility