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Samenvatting Genen en ziekte | Celcyclus & Gentherapie |

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Studiemateriaal voor het vak 'Kennis van gezondheid en inzichten in ziek zijn' aan KU Leuven, gericht op Revalidatiewetenschappen en kinesitherapie. Het document behandelt de genetische basis van ziekte, inclusief de celcyclus (G0-M fase), DNA-structuur volgens Watson-Crick, transcriptie en gentherapie (germline en somatische celtherapie).

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Genen en ziekte
Celcyclus
- G0 fase: rustfase
- G1 fase: voorbereidingen voor DNA synthese
- S fase
- M fase (mitosefase: moedercel deelt in 2 identieke dochtercellen)




Celgroei Verdwijnen nucleolus Afbraak kernmembraan Chromosomen Chromsomen Nieuwe
Voorbereiding Chromatine condenseert Kinetochoor microtubuli op 1 lijn breken kernmembraan
mitose in chromosomen Centrosoom naar Op niveau Chromosomen >
Mitotische spindles verschillende pool centromeren chromatine
Centrosomen Bewegen naar Nucleoli
tegenovergestelde kant
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ➔ M fase
Opbouw genetische code


Waar? Genetisch materiaal in de celkern

Verschillende niveaus


Ondersteunende eiwitten:
histonen en nucleosoom




Spiralisatie tot chromatide




Chromosomen tijdens de metafase→ bestaan uit chromatiden die in spiraalvorm is opgerold
Genetisch materiaal opgekruld rond histonen (eiwitten)

Chromosomen
Enkel tijdens celdeling
Karyogram
G (giemsa stain) of R (reverse giemsa stain) bands

, ➔ complementair




A + T en C + G




1951 Watson en Crick: specifieke organisatie van DNA
Dubbele keten in helixstructuur
• Antiparallel (tegenovergestelde richting)
• Complementariteit (purine tegenover pyrimidine)
- A=T
- GC
• Waterstofbruggen als verbindingen tussen de basen




Genetische code: voor de verschillende eiwitten, enzymes...
Belangrijk te weten hoe genetische code is opgebouwd

, Kopiëren genetische code



Celgroei



Cytoplasmatische
deling




Voorbereiding DNA
Duplicatie DNA synthese
‘zuster’chromatiden




Groeifactoren
Omzetten van genetische code




HELICASE: enzyme die dubbele helixstructuur
uit elkaar haalt
POLYMERASE: DNA dupliceren




TRANSCRIPTIE
Complementair (basenparing)
Enkelstrengig

mRNA

U (uracil) ipv T (thymine)

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Uploaded on
May 26, 2026
File latest updated on
June 10, 2026
Number of pages
21
Written in
2025/2026
Type
SUMMARY

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