HESI PROFESSIONAL TEST BANK 2026
SOLVED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
▶ A _________ is a substance that can promote growth and development,
maintain tissues and cells, fuel the body for physical and metabolic work, or
regulate a body process. Answer: nutrient
▶ Macronutrient Answer: needed in large amounts in the body
▶ Micronutrients Answer: needed in small amounts
▶ organic Answer: A compound that contains carbon and hydrogen
▶ inorganic Answer: any substance that does not contain carbon
▶ True or False. If false, explain why it is false.
A mineral is an organic micronutrient that regulates body processes and
provides structure. Answer: FALSE: A mineral is an inorganic micronutrient
that regulates body processes and provides structure.
▶ Which of the following is an inorganic macronutrient?
Water
Vitamins
Carbohydrates
Minerals
Proteins Answer: water
▶ List (A) the building blocks (or monomers) of PROTEINS, (B) at least 2
of their functions, and (C) at least 2 common sources of the nutrient in the
diet. Answer: A. Amino acids
B. Energy source, structure and regulation
C. Meats, dairy products, legumes, vegetables, and grains
, ▶ Vitamins contain both ____ and ____ forms. Answer: fat soluble; water
soluble
▶ Micro-minerals are referred to as _______ minerals. Answer: Trace
▶ Tom is on a diet restricting his consumption of starches and sugars.
Which macromolecule would he be limiting? Answer: Carbohydrate
▶ Which of the 6 nutrient classes are NOT sources of energy? (Select all
that apply):
Lipids
Vitamins
Minerals
Protein
Water
Carbohydrate Answer: Vitamins
minerals
water
▶ Explain how a calorie (the general term), a Calorie (the dietary term) and
a kilocalorie are related. Answer: A calorie is the amount of heat needed to
raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. Food
calories (Calories) is expressed in terms of kilocalories.
Or
Calorie = 1 kilocalorie = 1,000 calories
▶ You bring your teenage nephew to lunch at the mall food court. He
decides to get a soda and bag of chips. You suggest he also try a
vegetable and rice bowl as a more nutrient dense option. How would you
explain the difference between nutrient dense and empty calorie foods to
him? Answer: Nutrient-dense foods are those with a high amount of
vitamins and minerals, along with the macronutrients that can be used as
fuel. Empty calorie foods are high in calories but contain little vitamins or
minerals, so they have lower nutrient value.
▶ Compare and contrast (i.e. explain the similarities and differences)
between undernutrition and overnutrition. Include the terms' definitions and
how they influence health outcomes. Answer: Both over- and undernutrition
SOLVED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
▶ A _________ is a substance that can promote growth and development,
maintain tissues and cells, fuel the body for physical and metabolic work, or
regulate a body process. Answer: nutrient
▶ Macronutrient Answer: needed in large amounts in the body
▶ Micronutrients Answer: needed in small amounts
▶ organic Answer: A compound that contains carbon and hydrogen
▶ inorganic Answer: any substance that does not contain carbon
▶ True or False. If false, explain why it is false.
A mineral is an organic micronutrient that regulates body processes and
provides structure. Answer: FALSE: A mineral is an inorganic micronutrient
that regulates body processes and provides structure.
▶ Which of the following is an inorganic macronutrient?
Water
Vitamins
Carbohydrates
Minerals
Proteins Answer: water
▶ List (A) the building blocks (or monomers) of PROTEINS, (B) at least 2
of their functions, and (C) at least 2 common sources of the nutrient in the
diet. Answer: A. Amino acids
B. Energy source, structure and regulation
C. Meats, dairy products, legumes, vegetables, and grains
, ▶ Vitamins contain both ____ and ____ forms. Answer: fat soluble; water
soluble
▶ Micro-minerals are referred to as _______ minerals. Answer: Trace
▶ Tom is on a diet restricting his consumption of starches and sugars.
Which macromolecule would he be limiting? Answer: Carbohydrate
▶ Which of the 6 nutrient classes are NOT sources of energy? (Select all
that apply):
Lipids
Vitamins
Minerals
Protein
Water
Carbohydrate Answer: Vitamins
minerals
water
▶ Explain how a calorie (the general term), a Calorie (the dietary term) and
a kilocalorie are related. Answer: A calorie is the amount of heat needed to
raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. Food
calories (Calories) is expressed in terms of kilocalories.
Or
Calorie = 1 kilocalorie = 1,000 calories
▶ You bring your teenage nephew to lunch at the mall food court. He
decides to get a soda and bag of chips. You suggest he also try a
vegetable and rice bowl as a more nutrient dense option. How would you
explain the difference between nutrient dense and empty calorie foods to
him? Answer: Nutrient-dense foods are those with a high amount of
vitamins and minerals, along with the macronutrients that can be used as
fuel. Empty calorie foods are high in calories but contain little vitamins or
minerals, so they have lower nutrient value.
▶ Compare and contrast (i.e. explain the similarities and differences)
between undernutrition and overnutrition. Include the terms' definitions and
how they influence health outcomes. Answer: Both over- and undernutrition
