1|Page
ONL:HU NSG120 Pathophysiology Exam 1 2025 Fall C -
Herzing University HESI LATEST 2025/ 2026 TEST BANK|
COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WITH WELL-ELABORATED RATIONALES/ GRADED A+
The physician suspects that a patient under a lot of stress (stimulation
of the sympathetic nervous system) is experiencing stress-induced
release of vasopressin. Knowing the effects of an activated renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), the nurse should be assessing
the patient for which primary nursing diagnosis?
A. Fluid volume excess related to retention of water in the body
B. Decreased cardiac output related to positional low blood pressure
C. Electrolyte imbalance related to retention of potassium
D. Nutritional imbalance related to vomiting and diarrhea
......ANSWER......A
Which are considered stages of the general adaptation syndrome?
A. Alarm
B. Resistance
C. Exhaustion
D. all of the above ......ANSWER......D
pg. 1
,2|Page
Which of the following physiological processes would be considered a
positive feedback mechanism?
A. The release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior
pituitary gland
B. Shivering in response to low environmental temperature
C. The platelet aggregation mechanism for closing minute ruptures in
very small blood vessels during accidental injury
D. Increased production of white blood cells (WBCs) in response to a
microorganism ......ANSWER......C
This component of the homeostatic mechanism is in charge of receiving
information form the environment:
A. Integrator
B. Sensor
C. Effector
D. Comparator ......ANSWER......B
A particular disease has a debilitating effect on the ability of sufferers to
perform their activities of daily living and is a significant cause of
decreased quality of life. However, few people die as a result of the
disease's direct effects. There are hundreds of thousands of Americans
living with the disease but relatively few new cases in recent years.
Which of the following statements best conveys an accurate
epidemiological characterization of the disease?
pg. 2
,3|Page
A. Low mortality; high morbidity; low prevalence; high incidence
B. Low mortality; high morbidity; high incidence; low prevalence
C. High mortality; low morbidity; high incidence; low prevalence
D. High morbidity; low mortality; high prevalence, low incidence
......ANSWER......D
Laboratory testing is ordered for a male patient during a clinic visit for a
routine follow-up assessment of hypertension. When interpreting lab
values, the nurse knows that
A. a normal value represents the test results that fall within the bell
curve.
B. if the lab result is above the 50% distribution, the result is considered
elevated.
C. all lab values are adjusted for gender and weight.
D. if the result of a very sensitive test is negative, that does not mean
the person is disease free. ......ANSWER......A
A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit
of a large, university hospital. The physician is discussing with a
colleague the differentiation between diseases that are caused by
abnormal molecules and diseases that cause disease. Which of the
following patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences of
molecules that cause disease?
pg. 3
, 4|Page
A. A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a
transfusion of packed red blood cells
B. A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke
resulting from familial hypercholesterolemia
C. A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring
oxygen therapy and chest physiotherapy
D. A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii
pneumonia (PCP) and is HIV positive. ......ANSWER......D
A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of
his chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory
therapist (RT) is assessing the client for the first time. Which of the
following aspects of the patient's current state of health would be best
characterized as a symptom rather than a sign?
A. The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
B. The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when
lying supine.
C. The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung
fields bilaterally.
D. The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute. ......ANSWER......B
A male international business traveler has returned from a trip to
Indonesia. While there, he hired a prostitute for companionship and
engaged in unprotected sex on more than one occasion. Unbeknownst
to him, this prostitute harbored the hepatitis C virus. Upon return to the
pg. 4
ONL:HU NSG120 Pathophysiology Exam 1 2025 Fall C -
Herzing University HESI LATEST 2025/ 2026 TEST BANK|
COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WITH WELL-ELABORATED RATIONALES/ GRADED A+
The physician suspects that a patient under a lot of stress (stimulation
of the sympathetic nervous system) is experiencing stress-induced
release of vasopressin. Knowing the effects of an activated renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), the nurse should be assessing
the patient for which primary nursing diagnosis?
A. Fluid volume excess related to retention of water in the body
B. Decreased cardiac output related to positional low blood pressure
C. Electrolyte imbalance related to retention of potassium
D. Nutritional imbalance related to vomiting and diarrhea
......ANSWER......A
Which are considered stages of the general adaptation syndrome?
A. Alarm
B. Resistance
C. Exhaustion
D. all of the above ......ANSWER......D
pg. 1
,2|Page
Which of the following physiological processes would be considered a
positive feedback mechanism?
A. The release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior
pituitary gland
B. Shivering in response to low environmental temperature
C. The platelet aggregation mechanism for closing minute ruptures in
very small blood vessels during accidental injury
D. Increased production of white blood cells (WBCs) in response to a
microorganism ......ANSWER......C
This component of the homeostatic mechanism is in charge of receiving
information form the environment:
A. Integrator
B. Sensor
C. Effector
D. Comparator ......ANSWER......B
A particular disease has a debilitating effect on the ability of sufferers to
perform their activities of daily living and is a significant cause of
decreased quality of life. However, few people die as a result of the
disease's direct effects. There are hundreds of thousands of Americans
living with the disease but relatively few new cases in recent years.
Which of the following statements best conveys an accurate
epidemiological characterization of the disease?
pg. 2
,3|Page
A. Low mortality; high morbidity; low prevalence; high incidence
B. Low mortality; high morbidity; high incidence; low prevalence
C. High mortality; low morbidity; high incidence; low prevalence
D. High morbidity; low mortality; high prevalence, low incidence
......ANSWER......D
Laboratory testing is ordered for a male patient during a clinic visit for a
routine follow-up assessment of hypertension. When interpreting lab
values, the nurse knows that
A. a normal value represents the test results that fall within the bell
curve.
B. if the lab result is above the 50% distribution, the result is considered
elevated.
C. all lab values are adjusted for gender and weight.
D. if the result of a very sensitive test is negative, that does not mean
the person is disease free. ......ANSWER......A
A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit
of a large, university hospital. The physician is discussing with a
colleague the differentiation between diseases that are caused by
abnormal molecules and diseases that cause disease. Which of the
following patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences of
molecules that cause disease?
pg. 3
, 4|Page
A. A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a
transfusion of packed red blood cells
B. A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke
resulting from familial hypercholesterolemia
C. A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring
oxygen therapy and chest physiotherapy
D. A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii
pneumonia (PCP) and is HIV positive. ......ANSWER......D
A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of
his chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory
therapist (RT) is assessing the client for the first time. Which of the
following aspects of the patient's current state of health would be best
characterized as a symptom rather than a sign?
A. The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
B. The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when
lying supine.
C. The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung
fields bilaterally.
D. The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute. ......ANSWER......B
A male international business traveler has returned from a trip to
Indonesia. While there, he hired a prostitute for companionship and
engaged in unprotected sex on more than one occasion. Unbeknownst
to him, this prostitute harbored the hepatitis C virus. Upon return to the
pg. 4
