PSY 352 EXAM #3 REVIEW QUESTIONS
DSM-5 Criteria for Substance Use Disorder - Answers - -problematic pattern of use that
impairs functioning
-two or more symptoms within a 1-year period:
--failure to meet obligations
--repeated use in situations where it is physically dangerous
--repeated relationship problems
--continued use despite problems caused by the substance
--tolerance
--withdrawal
--substance taken for a longer time or in greater amounts than intended
--efforts to reduce or control use do not work
--much time spent trying to obtain the substance
--social, hobbies, or work activities given up or reduced
--craving to use the substance is strong
Mild Severity Rating for Substance Use - Answers - 2-3 criteria met
Moderate Severity Rating for Substance Use - Answers - 4-5 criteria met
Severe Severity Rating for Substance Use - Answers - 6 or more criteria met
What are the two symptoms that are often part of a severe substance use disorder? -
Answers - tolerance and withdrawal
tolerance - Answers - larger doses of the substance being needed to produce the
desired effect or the effects of the drug becoming markedly less if the usual amount is
taken
withdrawal - Answers - the negative physical and psychological effects that develop
when a person stops taking the substance or reduces the amount
What are the withdrawal symptoms of alcohol use disorder? - Answers - -feeling
anxious
-depressed
-weak
-restless
-unable to sleep
-muscle tremors
-pulse, blood pressure, and temperature may be elevated
,delirium tremens (DTs) - Answers - when the level of alcohol in the blood drops
suddenly, the person becomes delirious as well as tremulous and has hallucinations
that are primarily visual but may be tactile as well
80 to 85% of people who abuse alcohol also... - Answers - smoke
-high comorbidity may be because alcohol and nicotine are cross tolerant
-nicotine can induce tolerance for the rewarding effects of alcohol and vice versa
What disorders are alcohol use disorder comorbid with? - Answers - borderline and
antisocial personality disorders, mood disorders, and anxiety disorders
What neurotransmitters/receptors does alcohol affect in the short-term? - Answers - -
GABA: may account for ability to reduce tension
-serotonin/dopamine: produce pleasurable effects
-inhibits glutamate receptors: may cause the cognitive effects (slowed thinking and
memory loss)
Long-Term Effects of Prolonged Alcohol Abuse - Answers - -impairs digestion and
reabsorption of vitamins
-cirrhosis of the liver
-damage to endocrine glands, brain, and pancreas, as well as heart failure, erectile
dysfunction, hypertension, stroke, and capillary hemorrhages
-fetal alcohol syndrome
Vitamin B Deficiency due to Alcohol - Answers - deficiency of B-complex vitamins can
cause a severe loss of memory for both recent and long-past events (in older people
who have abused alcohol)
Cirrhosis of the liver - Answers - liver cells become engorged with fat and protein
-some cells die, triggering an inflammatory process, and when scar tissue develops,
blood flow is obstructed
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) - Answers - growth of the fetus is slowed, and cranial,
facial, and limb abnormalities occur
-heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy can also lead to IDs
What is the single most preventable cause of premature death in the US/other parts of
the world? - Answers - smoking
What are some medical problems due to long-term cigarette smoking? - Answers - -
emphysema
-cancers to the larynx, esophagus, pancreas, bladder, cervix, and stomach
-complications during pregnancy
-sudden infant death syndrome
-periodontitis
-cardiovascular disorders
, What are the probable harmful components in the smoke from burning tobacco? -
Answers - -nicotine
-carbon monoxide
-tar (certain hydrocarbons -> carcinogens)
How does socioeconomic class predict smoking? - Answers - smoking is more
prevalent in lower socioeconomic classes
African American cigarette smokers... - Answers - less likely to quit and more likely to
get lung cancer
-retain nicotine in their blood longer than do European Americans
Chinese American cigarette smokers... - Answers - metabolize less nicotine from
cigarettes
-lung cancer rates are lower among Asians
Secondhand smoke or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) - Answers - contains higher
concentrations of ammonia, carbon monoxide, nicotine, and tar than does the smoke
inhaled by the smoker
Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke - Answers - -nonsmokers can suffer lung
damage
-precancerous lung abnormalities in those living with smokers
-babies have birth defects in women exposed to second hand smoke
-children of smokers are more likely to have upper respiratory infections, asthma,
bronchitis, and inner-ear infections
Are young people that use e-cigarettes more likely to smoke old-fashioned tobacco
cigarettes? - Answers - yes
Marijuana - Answers - consists of the dried and crushed leaves and flowering tops of
the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa
Hashish - Answers - much stronger than marijuana, produced by removing and drying
the resin exudate of the tops of cannabis plants
What is the prevalence of marijuana use? - Answers - most commonly used drug across
all age groups
-higher among men than women ages 18 and up
-equivalent across racial and ethnic groups
-recreationally legal in 8 states
How can large doses of marijuana affect someone? - Answers - can bring rapid shifts in
emotion, dull attention, fragment thoughts, impair memory, and give the sense that time
is moving more slowly
DSM-5 Criteria for Substance Use Disorder - Answers - -problematic pattern of use that
impairs functioning
-two or more symptoms within a 1-year period:
--failure to meet obligations
--repeated use in situations where it is physically dangerous
--repeated relationship problems
--continued use despite problems caused by the substance
--tolerance
--withdrawal
--substance taken for a longer time or in greater amounts than intended
--efforts to reduce or control use do not work
--much time spent trying to obtain the substance
--social, hobbies, or work activities given up or reduced
--craving to use the substance is strong
Mild Severity Rating for Substance Use - Answers - 2-3 criteria met
Moderate Severity Rating for Substance Use - Answers - 4-5 criteria met
Severe Severity Rating for Substance Use - Answers - 6 or more criteria met
What are the two symptoms that are often part of a severe substance use disorder? -
Answers - tolerance and withdrawal
tolerance - Answers - larger doses of the substance being needed to produce the
desired effect or the effects of the drug becoming markedly less if the usual amount is
taken
withdrawal - Answers - the negative physical and psychological effects that develop
when a person stops taking the substance or reduces the amount
What are the withdrawal symptoms of alcohol use disorder? - Answers - -feeling
anxious
-depressed
-weak
-restless
-unable to sleep
-muscle tremors
-pulse, blood pressure, and temperature may be elevated
,delirium tremens (DTs) - Answers - when the level of alcohol in the blood drops
suddenly, the person becomes delirious as well as tremulous and has hallucinations
that are primarily visual but may be tactile as well
80 to 85% of people who abuse alcohol also... - Answers - smoke
-high comorbidity may be because alcohol and nicotine are cross tolerant
-nicotine can induce tolerance for the rewarding effects of alcohol and vice versa
What disorders are alcohol use disorder comorbid with? - Answers - borderline and
antisocial personality disorders, mood disorders, and anxiety disorders
What neurotransmitters/receptors does alcohol affect in the short-term? - Answers - -
GABA: may account for ability to reduce tension
-serotonin/dopamine: produce pleasurable effects
-inhibits glutamate receptors: may cause the cognitive effects (slowed thinking and
memory loss)
Long-Term Effects of Prolonged Alcohol Abuse - Answers - -impairs digestion and
reabsorption of vitamins
-cirrhosis of the liver
-damage to endocrine glands, brain, and pancreas, as well as heart failure, erectile
dysfunction, hypertension, stroke, and capillary hemorrhages
-fetal alcohol syndrome
Vitamin B Deficiency due to Alcohol - Answers - deficiency of B-complex vitamins can
cause a severe loss of memory for both recent and long-past events (in older people
who have abused alcohol)
Cirrhosis of the liver - Answers - liver cells become engorged with fat and protein
-some cells die, triggering an inflammatory process, and when scar tissue develops,
blood flow is obstructed
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) - Answers - growth of the fetus is slowed, and cranial,
facial, and limb abnormalities occur
-heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy can also lead to IDs
What is the single most preventable cause of premature death in the US/other parts of
the world? - Answers - smoking
What are some medical problems due to long-term cigarette smoking? - Answers - -
emphysema
-cancers to the larynx, esophagus, pancreas, bladder, cervix, and stomach
-complications during pregnancy
-sudden infant death syndrome
-periodontitis
-cardiovascular disorders
, What are the probable harmful components in the smoke from burning tobacco? -
Answers - -nicotine
-carbon monoxide
-tar (certain hydrocarbons -> carcinogens)
How does socioeconomic class predict smoking? - Answers - smoking is more
prevalent in lower socioeconomic classes
African American cigarette smokers... - Answers - less likely to quit and more likely to
get lung cancer
-retain nicotine in their blood longer than do European Americans
Chinese American cigarette smokers... - Answers - metabolize less nicotine from
cigarettes
-lung cancer rates are lower among Asians
Secondhand smoke or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) - Answers - contains higher
concentrations of ammonia, carbon monoxide, nicotine, and tar than does the smoke
inhaled by the smoker
Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke - Answers - -nonsmokers can suffer lung
damage
-precancerous lung abnormalities in those living with smokers
-babies have birth defects in women exposed to second hand smoke
-children of smokers are more likely to have upper respiratory infections, asthma,
bronchitis, and inner-ear infections
Are young people that use e-cigarettes more likely to smoke old-fashioned tobacco
cigarettes? - Answers - yes
Marijuana - Answers - consists of the dried and crushed leaves and flowering tops of
the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa
Hashish - Answers - much stronger than marijuana, produced by removing and drying
the resin exudate of the tops of cannabis plants
What is the prevalence of marijuana use? - Answers - most commonly used drug across
all age groups
-higher among men than women ages 18 and up
-equivalent across racial and ethnic groups
-recreationally legal in 8 states
How can large doses of marijuana affect someone? - Answers - can bring rapid shifts in
emotion, dull attention, fragment thoughts, impair memory, and give the sense that time
is moving more slowly
