GRAND CANYON UNIVERSITY NUR-631 FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATED
Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing compensatory
Compensatory hyperplasia is an adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs to
regenerate. For example, the removal of part of the liver leads to hyperplasia of the
remaining liver cells (hepatocytes) to compensate for the loss.
Which of the following statements best describes Raynaud disease?
a. An inflammatory disorder of small and medium-size arteries in the feet and
sometimes in the hands
b. A neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the upper extremities
c. A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers, and less
commonly, the toes
d. An autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and lower
extremities
c. A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers, and less
commonly, the toes
A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular
resistance. Which of the following heart failures may result from this condition?
a. Right heart failure
b. Left heart failure
,c. Low-output failure
d. High-output failure
a. Right heart failure
Exp: Right heart failure is defined as the inability of the right ventricle to provide
adequate blood flow into the pulmonary circulation at a normal central venous pressure.
It most often results from the left heart failure when the increase in left ventricular filling
pressure that is reflected back into the pulmonary circulation is severe enough. As
pressure in the pulmonary circulation rises, the resistance to right ventricular emptying
increases.
What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel?
a. Increased blood pressure during periods of stress
b. Bounding pulse felt on palpation
c. Cyanosis observed on excretion
d. Murmur heard on auscultation
d. Murmur heard on auscultation
Exp: Where flow is obstructed the vessel turns or blood flows over rough surfaces. The
flow becomes turbulent with whorls or eddy currents that produce noise causing a
murmur to be heard on auscultation such as occurs during blood pressure
measurement with a sphygmomanometer. This selection is the only option that
accurately identifies the physical sign of turbulent vascular blood flow. pg 1113
Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and down syndrome?
a. Coarctation of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis
b. Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus
c. Atrial septal defect and dextrocardia
d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus
d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus
,Exp: Congenital heart defects that are related to dysfunction of trisomy 13, trisomy 18
and down syndrome include VSD and PDA see Table 33-2 The other defects are not
associated with dysfunction of trisomy 13 or 17 and down syndrome. pg 1200
An infant has a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at the left upper sternal
border throughout systole and diastole as well as a bounding pulse and a thrill on
palpation. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?
a. Atrial septal defect
b. Ventricular septal defect
c. Patent ductus arteriosus
d. Atrioventricular canal defect
c. Patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: If pulmonary vascular resistance has fallen then infants with will characteristically
have a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at the left upper sternal border
throughout systole and diastole. If the PDA is significant then the infant also will have
bounding pulses an active precordium, a thrill on palpation and signs and symptoms of
pulmonary over circulation. The presentations of the other congenital heart defects are
not consistent with the described the symptoms pages 1203-1204
Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children diagnosed with
tetralogy of Fallot to relieve hypoxic spells?
a. Lying on their left side
b. Performing the valsalva maneuver
c. Squatting
d. hyperventilating
c. Squatting
Exp: squatting is a spontaneous compensatory mechanism used by older children to
alleviate hypoxic spells. Squatting and its variants increase systemic resistance while
, decreasing venous return to the heart from the inferior vena cava. The other options
would not result in these changes. pg 1209
An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus would likely exhibit which
symptom?
a. Intermittent murmur
b. Lack of symptoms
c. Need for surgical repair
d. Triad of congenital defects
b. Lack of symptoms
Exp: Infants with a small PDA usually remain asymptomatic. page 1203-1204
Fluid in the pleural space characterizes which condition?
a. Pleural effusion
b. Atelectasis
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Ischemia
a. Pleural Effusion
Exp: Pleural effusion is the presence of fluid in the pleural space. page1254
Which medication classification is generally included in the treatment of silicosis?
A. Corticosteroids
B. Antibiotics
C. Bronchodilators
STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATED
Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing compensatory
Compensatory hyperplasia is an adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs to
regenerate. For example, the removal of part of the liver leads to hyperplasia of the
remaining liver cells (hepatocytes) to compensate for the loss.
Which of the following statements best describes Raynaud disease?
a. An inflammatory disorder of small and medium-size arteries in the feet and
sometimes in the hands
b. A neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the upper extremities
c. A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers, and less
commonly, the toes
d. An autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and lower
extremities
c. A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers, and less
commonly, the toes
A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular
resistance. Which of the following heart failures may result from this condition?
a. Right heart failure
b. Left heart failure
,c. Low-output failure
d. High-output failure
a. Right heart failure
Exp: Right heart failure is defined as the inability of the right ventricle to provide
adequate blood flow into the pulmonary circulation at a normal central venous pressure.
It most often results from the left heart failure when the increase in left ventricular filling
pressure that is reflected back into the pulmonary circulation is severe enough. As
pressure in the pulmonary circulation rises, the resistance to right ventricular emptying
increases.
What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel?
a. Increased blood pressure during periods of stress
b. Bounding pulse felt on palpation
c. Cyanosis observed on excretion
d. Murmur heard on auscultation
d. Murmur heard on auscultation
Exp: Where flow is obstructed the vessel turns or blood flows over rough surfaces. The
flow becomes turbulent with whorls or eddy currents that produce noise causing a
murmur to be heard on auscultation such as occurs during blood pressure
measurement with a sphygmomanometer. This selection is the only option that
accurately identifies the physical sign of turbulent vascular blood flow. pg 1113
Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and down syndrome?
a. Coarctation of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis
b. Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus
c. Atrial septal defect and dextrocardia
d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus
d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus
,Exp: Congenital heart defects that are related to dysfunction of trisomy 13, trisomy 18
and down syndrome include VSD and PDA see Table 33-2 The other defects are not
associated with dysfunction of trisomy 13 or 17 and down syndrome. pg 1200
An infant has a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at the left upper sternal
border throughout systole and diastole as well as a bounding pulse and a thrill on
palpation. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?
a. Atrial septal defect
b. Ventricular septal defect
c. Patent ductus arteriosus
d. Atrioventricular canal defect
c. Patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: If pulmonary vascular resistance has fallen then infants with will characteristically
have a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at the left upper sternal border
throughout systole and diastole. If the PDA is significant then the infant also will have
bounding pulses an active precordium, a thrill on palpation and signs and symptoms of
pulmonary over circulation. The presentations of the other congenital heart defects are
not consistent with the described the symptoms pages 1203-1204
Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children diagnosed with
tetralogy of Fallot to relieve hypoxic spells?
a. Lying on their left side
b. Performing the valsalva maneuver
c. Squatting
d. hyperventilating
c. Squatting
Exp: squatting is a spontaneous compensatory mechanism used by older children to
alleviate hypoxic spells. Squatting and its variants increase systemic resistance while
, decreasing venous return to the heart from the inferior vena cava. The other options
would not result in these changes. pg 1209
An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus would likely exhibit which
symptom?
a. Intermittent murmur
b. Lack of symptoms
c. Need for surgical repair
d. Triad of congenital defects
b. Lack of symptoms
Exp: Infants with a small PDA usually remain asymptomatic. page 1203-1204
Fluid in the pleural space characterizes which condition?
a. Pleural effusion
b. Atelectasis
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Ischemia
a. Pleural Effusion
Exp: Pleural effusion is the presence of fluid in the pleural space. page1254
Which medication classification is generally included in the treatment of silicosis?
A. Corticosteroids
B. Antibiotics
C. Bronchodilators
