ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY BY HILLS WYSE 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ What are the four stages of food processing in the mammalian
digestive system? Answer: Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and
elimination.
◉ How do evolutionary adaptations relate to vertebrate digestive
systems? Answer: They relate to the diet of the vertebrates.
◉ What regulates digestion, energy storage, and appetite? Answer:
Feedback loops.
◉ What is the primary source of energy for the brain? Answer:
Glucose.
◉ What are the two types of diabetes mellitus? Answer: Type I
(Insulin Dependent) and Type II (Non-insulin-dependent).
◉ What characterizes Type I diabetes? Answer: Autoimmune
destruction of beta cells in the pancreas leading to insulin deficiency.
,◉ What is a key feature of Type II diabetes? Answer: Target cells do
not respond properly to insulin.
◉ What are essential amino acids? Answer: Amino acids that must
be consumed as they cannot be synthesized by the body.
◉ What constitutes a triglyceride? Answer: Three fatty acid chains
linked to a glycerol.
◉ What are the three types of fatty acids? Answer: Saturated,
unsaturated, and trans-saturated.
◉ What are essential fatty acids? Answer: Fatty acids that the body
cannot synthesize and must be obtained from the diet.
◉ What is the role of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids? Answer:
They serve various functions including signaling in the body.
◉ What dietary factors increase the risk of cardiovascular disease?
Answer: High blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, fatty diet,
smoking, and lack of exercise.
◉ What are dietary minerals? Answer: Inorganic molecules that the
body needs to obtain from food.
, ◉ What is the difference between water-soluble and fat-soluble
vitamins? Answer: Water-soluble vitamins are easily lost and must
be replenished, while fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the body.
◉ What is the function of Vitamin A? Answer: Vision, epithelial
tissue maintenance, and antioxidant properties.
◉ What is the purpose of folic acid (Vitamin B9)? Answer: To
prevent birth defects and assist in nucleic and amino acid synthesis
and repair.
◉ What are the four types of food processing? Answer: Ingestion,
digestion (including fermentation), absorption, and elimination.
◉ What are the classifications of feeders based on diet? Answer:
Fluid feeders, suspension feeders, bulk feeders, and substrate
feeders.
◉ What is the significance of dental adaptations in animals? Answer:
They reflect the dietary habits of the animal (e.g., carnivores have
sharp canines for tearing).
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ What are the four stages of food processing in the mammalian
digestive system? Answer: Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and
elimination.
◉ How do evolutionary adaptations relate to vertebrate digestive
systems? Answer: They relate to the diet of the vertebrates.
◉ What regulates digestion, energy storage, and appetite? Answer:
Feedback loops.
◉ What is the primary source of energy for the brain? Answer:
Glucose.
◉ What are the two types of diabetes mellitus? Answer: Type I
(Insulin Dependent) and Type II (Non-insulin-dependent).
◉ What characterizes Type I diabetes? Answer: Autoimmune
destruction of beta cells in the pancreas leading to insulin deficiency.
,◉ What is a key feature of Type II diabetes? Answer: Target cells do
not respond properly to insulin.
◉ What are essential amino acids? Answer: Amino acids that must
be consumed as they cannot be synthesized by the body.
◉ What constitutes a triglyceride? Answer: Three fatty acid chains
linked to a glycerol.
◉ What are the three types of fatty acids? Answer: Saturated,
unsaturated, and trans-saturated.
◉ What are essential fatty acids? Answer: Fatty acids that the body
cannot synthesize and must be obtained from the diet.
◉ What is the role of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids? Answer:
They serve various functions including signaling in the body.
◉ What dietary factors increase the risk of cardiovascular disease?
Answer: High blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, fatty diet,
smoking, and lack of exercise.
◉ What are dietary minerals? Answer: Inorganic molecules that the
body needs to obtain from food.
, ◉ What is the difference between water-soluble and fat-soluble
vitamins? Answer: Water-soluble vitamins are easily lost and must
be replenished, while fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the body.
◉ What is the function of Vitamin A? Answer: Vision, epithelial
tissue maintenance, and antioxidant properties.
◉ What is the purpose of folic acid (Vitamin B9)? Answer: To
prevent birth defects and assist in nucleic and amino acid synthesis
and repair.
◉ What are the four types of food processing? Answer: Ingestion,
digestion (including fermentation), absorption, and elimination.
◉ What are the classifications of feeders based on diet? Answer:
Fluid feeders, suspension feeders, bulk feeders, and substrate
feeders.
◉ What is the significance of dental adaptations in animals? Answer:
They reflect the dietary habits of the animal (e.g., carnivores have
sharp canines for tearing).
