AC HPAT BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND
EVOLUTION REVIEW SHEET QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT SOLUTIONS
●● passive transport
Answer: the movement of substances across a cell membrane without
the use of energy by the cell (diffusion)
●● active transport
Answer: Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
●● catalyst
Answer: substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
●● fluid mosaic model
Answer: model that describes the arrangement and movement of the
molecules that make up a cell membrane
●● Effect of qualitative factors on rate of diffusion of molecules across a
plasma membrane?
Answer: The higher the temperature, the more kinetic energy the
particles will have, so they will move and mix more quickly.
,●● Structure and function of carbohydrate
Answer: sugars and starches that the body uses for energy. Consists of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Typically in a 1:2:1 ratio
●● What are the tree main types of carbohydrates
Answer: 1. Monosaccharides - simple sugars ( ie glucose, 6 carbon,
fructose and galactose) 2. Disaccharides which are double sugars ( ie
sucrose, maltose, lactose) (consist of two monosaccharides bonded
together through a dehydration synthesis reaction [ results in loss of
water molecule] ) 3. Polysaccharides which are complex sugars ( many
monosaccharides bonded together) ( starch, glycogen, and cellulose)
●● Structure and function of protein
Answer: made from many amino acids connected together in different
arrangements, provide the building materials your body needs to grow
and repair itself
●● Enzymes
Answer: Proteins that speed up chemical reactions ( act as catalysts)
●● Structure and function of Lipids
Answer: Store energy. Consist mainly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Do not dissolve in water, because they are non polar ( electrons are
shared equally in the molecule )
, -Fatty acids containing no double bonds are saturated.
-Fatty acids containing one double bond are mono-unsaturated.
-Fatty acids containing two or more double bonds are polyunsaturated.
-Fats provide approximately 9 kcal/g.
●● Lysosomes
Answer: An organelle containing digestive enzymes. Destroy pathogens
(white blood cells)
●● Vacuoles
Answer: Stores food, water, wastes, and other materials
●● Mitochondria
Answer: Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP
(energy) production. Cellular respiration's occurs here
●● cell / plasma membrane
Answer: A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or
leave the cell.
●● Ribosomes
Answer: site of protein synthesis
EVOLUTION REVIEW SHEET QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT SOLUTIONS
●● passive transport
Answer: the movement of substances across a cell membrane without
the use of energy by the cell (diffusion)
●● active transport
Answer: Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
●● catalyst
Answer: substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
●● fluid mosaic model
Answer: model that describes the arrangement and movement of the
molecules that make up a cell membrane
●● Effect of qualitative factors on rate of diffusion of molecules across a
plasma membrane?
Answer: The higher the temperature, the more kinetic energy the
particles will have, so they will move and mix more quickly.
,●● Structure and function of carbohydrate
Answer: sugars and starches that the body uses for energy. Consists of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Typically in a 1:2:1 ratio
●● What are the tree main types of carbohydrates
Answer: 1. Monosaccharides - simple sugars ( ie glucose, 6 carbon,
fructose and galactose) 2. Disaccharides which are double sugars ( ie
sucrose, maltose, lactose) (consist of two monosaccharides bonded
together through a dehydration synthesis reaction [ results in loss of
water molecule] ) 3. Polysaccharides which are complex sugars ( many
monosaccharides bonded together) ( starch, glycogen, and cellulose)
●● Structure and function of protein
Answer: made from many amino acids connected together in different
arrangements, provide the building materials your body needs to grow
and repair itself
●● Enzymes
Answer: Proteins that speed up chemical reactions ( act as catalysts)
●● Structure and function of Lipids
Answer: Store energy. Consist mainly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Do not dissolve in water, because they are non polar ( electrons are
shared equally in the molecule )
, -Fatty acids containing no double bonds are saturated.
-Fatty acids containing one double bond are mono-unsaturated.
-Fatty acids containing two or more double bonds are polyunsaturated.
-Fats provide approximately 9 kcal/g.
●● Lysosomes
Answer: An organelle containing digestive enzymes. Destroy pathogens
(white blood cells)
●● Vacuoles
Answer: Stores food, water, wastes, and other materials
●● Mitochondria
Answer: Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP
(energy) production. Cellular respiration's occurs here
●● cell / plasma membrane
Answer: A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or
leave the cell.
●● Ribosomes
Answer: site of protein synthesis
