Sample
Summaries after sample
,U4.4: Pollution and wastewater U4.1: Uses of water
• Throwing rubbish away fills up natural water sources with garbage. • People rely on water daily for essential activities - drinking,
• Using soaps and other chemical cleaning items contaminates water. cooking, cleaning, flushing toilets, and watering gardens.
• Using outdoor toilets located too close to a water supply easily pollutes • Farming, forestry, nature conservation, industry, mining,
the water source. power stations and other.
• Industrial and agricultural chemicals kill living creatures in the water.
• Wastewater can be cleaned (treated) so it is safe for specific reuse tasks -
watering plants, doing housework, or washing clothes, though it’s not U4.2: Water as a resource
safe to drink or cook with.
The natural water cycle:
• The sun heats the ocean water – causes it to evaporate
U4.3: How people get their water into vapor.
• Boreholes - narrow holes drilled deep into the ground; • The vapor rises and condenses to form clouds.
Sample
water is brought up using a pipe and a pump that can be
powered by hand, electricity, wind, or solar energy.
• Wells - larger, deep holes where people manually lower C4: Water in
• Water falls back down from the clouds over land and
oceans as rain, snow, or hail – precipitation.
• This fallen fresh water fills up rivers and streams, and
and pull up a bucket to collect water. some seeps into the ground.
Summaries after sample
Water containers and taps:
South Africa
Fresh water in nature:
• Water travels from dams through pipelines to water treatment plants,
• Rivers - large, natural streams of water flowing in a
where it is purified by removing plants, animal life, and germs.
specific direction toward lakes, oceans, or other
• Cleaned water moves to storage reservoirs before being distributed to bodies of water.
households, factories, and farms.
• Streams - small, flowing bodies of water.
•
• Wetlands - low-lying, moisture-soaked land such as
Storing water: marshes or swamps.
• Lakes - large bodies of water completely surrounded
• Dams and reservoirs - large walls are built across river valleys to trap massive by land on all sides.
amounts of surface water. • Groundwater - a massive amount of unseen fresh
• Water tanks - used at houses to catch smaller amounts of rainwater from gutters water exists underground and has been used for
and must remain closed to prevent animals and dirt from contaminating the supply. thousands of years for drinking and irrigation.
• Buckets and pots - used by those who don’t have running indoor taps.
•
GR4 SS-GEO T4-C4 Mind Map Our World, Our Society Copyright © www.summariessa.co.za (DO NOT COPY)
,Sample
Summaries after sample
Summaries after sample
,U4.4: Pollution and wastewater U4.1: Uses of water
• Throwing rubbish away fills up natural water sources with garbage. • People rely on water daily for essential activities - drinking,
• Using soaps and other chemical cleaning items contaminates water. cooking, cleaning, flushing toilets, and watering gardens.
• Using outdoor toilets located too close to a water supply easily pollutes • Farming, forestry, nature conservation, industry, mining,
the water source. power stations and other.
• Industrial and agricultural chemicals kill living creatures in the water.
• Wastewater can be cleaned (treated) so it is safe for specific reuse tasks -
watering plants, doing housework, or washing clothes, though it’s not U4.2: Water as a resource
safe to drink or cook with.
The natural water cycle:
• The sun heats the ocean water – causes it to evaporate
U4.3: How people get their water into vapor.
• Boreholes - narrow holes drilled deep into the ground; • The vapor rises and condenses to form clouds.
Sample
water is brought up using a pipe and a pump that can be
powered by hand, electricity, wind, or solar energy.
• Wells - larger, deep holes where people manually lower C4: Water in
• Water falls back down from the clouds over land and
oceans as rain, snow, or hail – precipitation.
• This fallen fresh water fills up rivers and streams, and
and pull up a bucket to collect water. some seeps into the ground.
Summaries after sample
Water containers and taps:
South Africa
Fresh water in nature:
• Water travels from dams through pipelines to water treatment plants,
• Rivers - large, natural streams of water flowing in a
where it is purified by removing plants, animal life, and germs.
specific direction toward lakes, oceans, or other
• Cleaned water moves to storage reservoirs before being distributed to bodies of water.
households, factories, and farms.
• Streams - small, flowing bodies of water.
•
• Wetlands - low-lying, moisture-soaked land such as
Storing water: marshes or swamps.
• Lakes - large bodies of water completely surrounded
• Dams and reservoirs - large walls are built across river valleys to trap massive by land on all sides.
amounts of surface water. • Groundwater - a massive amount of unseen fresh
• Water tanks - used at houses to catch smaller amounts of rainwater from gutters water exists underground and has been used for
and must remain closed to prevent animals and dirt from contaminating the supply. thousands of years for drinking and irrigation.
• Buckets and pots - used by those who don’t have running indoor taps.
•
GR4 SS-GEO T4-C4 Mind Map Our World, Our Society Copyright © www.summariessa.co.za (DO NOT COPY)
,Sample
Summaries after sample
