TEST BANK FOR w w
Iwnt werme wdwiwat wew Stat wiwst wiwcwawlw Iwnwve wst wig wat wiwowns w 1wew Nwat wha wnw Twiwnt wle, w Be wth w L. w Cwhwa
n wce w,wKwawre wnw Mc w Ga wug whwewy, w Swoma w Rwowy, w Twowdd w Swa wnwswown, w Jwiwlwlw Va wnwde wrwSwtwoe w
p
Chapte r w 1w-w6
Chapte r w 1
IntermediatewStatisticalwInvestigationswTestwBank
Questionwtypes: FIBw=wFillwinwthewblank Calcw=wCalculation
Maw=wMatching MSw=wMultiplewselect
MCw=wMultiplewchoice TFw=wTrue-false
CHAPTER 1 TERMINAL LEARNING OUTCOMES
w w w w
TLO1-1:wApplywthewsix-stepwinvestigativewprocesswinwthewcontextwofwawwell-designedwexperiment.
TLO1-
2:wPartitioningwvariationwinwthewresponsewvariablewintowvariationwexplainedwbywthewmodelwandwunexpla
inedwvariation,wandwmeasuringwandwreportingwthewpercentagewofwvariationwexplained
TLO1-
3:wAssesswthewstatisticalwsignificancewofwthewdifferencewbetweenwtwowgroupswonwawquantitati
vewresponsewvariablewusingwbothwsimulationwandwtheory-basedwapproaches
TLO1-
4:wComparewmorewthanwtwowtreatmentswonwawquantitativewresponsewusingwbothwsimulati
onwandwtheory-basedwapproaches
TLO1-5:wApplywPost-hocwanalysiswafterwsignificantwF-
testw(pairwisewdifferences,waswwellwaswconfidencewandwpredictionwintervalswforwsinglewm
eans)
TLO1-
6:wUnderstandwstatisticalwpowerwandwhowwitwiswimpactedwbywsamplewsize,wvariabilitywwit
hinwgroups,wnumberwofwgroups,wandwsignificancewlevel
Section 1.1: Sources of Variation in an Experiment
w w w w w w w
LO1.1-1:wApplywthewsix-stepwinvestigativewprocess.
LO1.1-2:wDistinguishwexperimentswandwobservationalwstudies.
LO1.1-
3:wReviewwbasicwstudywdesignwprincipleswsuchwaswinclusionwcriteriawandwrandomwassignment.wLO1.
1-4:wDefinewterminologywspecificwtowanwexperimentalwstudyw(e.g.,wtreatments).
LO1.1-5:wProducewawSourceswofwVariationwdiagramwforwanwexperiment.
Questionsw1wthroughw3:w AwstudywpublishedwinwPsychologicalwSciencewinw2007wexaminedwawpossi
-
wblewlinkwbetweenwmindsetwandwhealth.wThewfollowingwiswanwexcerptwfromwthewabstractwofwth
, ewarticle:w―84wfemalewroomwattendantswworkingwinwsevenwdifferentwhotelswwerewmeasuredwo
nwphysiologicalwhealthwvariableswaffectedwbywexercise.wThosewinwthewinformedwconditionwwe
rewtoldwthatwthewworkwtheywdow(cleaningwhotelwrooms)wiswgoodwexercisewandwsatisfieswthewSu
r-
wgeonwGeneral'swrecommendationswforwanwactivewlifestyle.wExampleswofwhowwtheirwworkwwa
swexercisewwerewprovided.wSubjectswinwthewcontrolwgroupwwerewnotwgivenwthiswinformation.‖
1. Identifywthewexperimentalwunitswinwthiswstudy.
w
A. Theweighty-fourwroomwattendants
,
, 1-2
B. Thewsevenwdifferentwhotels
C. Thewphysiologicalwhealthwvariables
D. Thewtwowgroupsw(informedwandwcontrol
)wAns:wA;wLO:w1.1-
4;wDifficulty:wEasy;wType:wMC
2. Thewresearcherswchosewtowincludewroomwattendantswfromwsevenwdifferentwhotelsw(aswop
-
wposedwtowusingwstricterwinclusionwcriteriawthatwwouldwlimitwthewstudywtowroomwattendants
watwonewparticularwhotel).wDescribewthewconsequenceswofwthiswdecision.
Usingwbroaderwinclusionwcriteriawmayw
(increase/decrease)wthewamountwofwvariatio
nwinwthewobservedwhealthwoutcomes.wHowever,wthiswdecisionwalsow (sup-
wports/limits)wgeneralizabilitywtowawlargerwpopulationwofwroomwattendants.
Ans:wincrease,wsupports;wLO:w1.1-3;wDifficulty:wMedium;wType:wFIB
3. Roomwattendantswwerewrandomlywassignedwtoweitherwthewinformedwconditionworwthewcontr
olwgroup.wWhatwiswthewmostwimportantwreasonwforwthewrandomwassignment?
A. Randomwassignmentwensureswthatwthewstudywiswdouble-blind.
B. Randomwassignmentwreduceswthewimpactwofwoutliers.
C. Randomwassignmentwcreateswtwowgroupswofwroomwattendantswthatwarewaswsimilarw
aswpossible,wwhichwsupportswcause-and-effectwconclusions.
D. Randomwassignmentwmakeswitwpossiblewtowgeneralizewthewresultswtowthewpopulation.
Ans:wC;wLO:w1.1-3;wDifficulty:wMedium;wType:wMC
Questionsw4wthroughw6:w Anwonlinewretailerwiswusingwanwexperimentwtowdecidewwhetherwtowmodify
wtheirwwebsite.wWhenwvisitorswtypewinwthewwebwaddressworwclickwawlinkwtowthewsite,wtheywarew
randomlywre-
directedwtowonewofwtwowversionswofwthewwebsite:wthewversionwthatwhaswbeenwinwusewforwthewl
astwyearw(versionwA)worwanwupdatedwversionw(versionwB).wThewretailer’swgoalwiswtowmaximize
wthewamountwofwtimew(inwminutes)wvisitorswstaywonwthewsite.
4. Identifywthewexperimentalwunitswandwvariables.wNote:wOnewofwthewanswerwchoiceswwillwnotwb
ewused.
Experimentalwunits: A.wVersionwofwthewwebsitew(AwandwB)
Explanatorywvariable: B:wOnlinewretailers
Responsewvariable: C:wVisitorswtowthewwebsite
D:wTimewspentwonwthewwebsitew(inwminutes)
Ans:wExperimentalwunits:wC,wExplanatorywvariable:wA,wResponsewvariable:wD;wLO:w1.1-
4;wDifficulty:wEasy;wType:wMa
5. Considerwtwowpossiblewmodelswforwanalyzingwtimewspentwonwthiswretailer’swwebsite.
Single-meanwmodel:
Iwnt werme wdwiwat wew Stat wiwst wiwcwawlw Iwnwve wst wig wat wiwowns w 1wew Nwat wha wnw Twiwnt wle, w Be wth w L. w Cwhwa
n wce w,wKwawre wnw Mc w Ga wug whwewy, w Swoma w Rwowy, w Twowdd w Swa wnwswown, w Jwiwlwlw Va wnwde wrwSwtwoe w
p
Chapte r w 1w-w6
Chapte r w 1
IntermediatewStatisticalwInvestigationswTestwBank
Questionwtypes: FIBw=wFillwinwthewblank Calcw=wCalculation
Maw=wMatching MSw=wMultiplewselect
MCw=wMultiplewchoice TFw=wTrue-false
CHAPTER 1 TERMINAL LEARNING OUTCOMES
w w w w
TLO1-1:wApplywthewsix-stepwinvestigativewprocesswinwthewcontextwofwawwell-designedwexperiment.
TLO1-
2:wPartitioningwvariationwinwthewresponsewvariablewintowvariationwexplainedwbywthewmodelwandwunexpla
inedwvariation,wandwmeasuringwandwreportingwthewpercentagewofwvariationwexplained
TLO1-
3:wAssesswthewstatisticalwsignificancewofwthewdifferencewbetweenwtwowgroupswonwawquantitati
vewresponsewvariablewusingwbothwsimulationwandwtheory-basedwapproaches
TLO1-
4:wComparewmorewthanwtwowtreatmentswonwawquantitativewresponsewusingwbothwsimulati
onwandwtheory-basedwapproaches
TLO1-5:wApplywPost-hocwanalysiswafterwsignificantwF-
testw(pairwisewdifferences,waswwellwaswconfidencewandwpredictionwintervalswforwsinglewm
eans)
TLO1-
6:wUnderstandwstatisticalwpowerwandwhowwitwiswimpactedwbywsamplewsize,wvariabilitywwit
hinwgroups,wnumberwofwgroups,wandwsignificancewlevel
Section 1.1: Sources of Variation in an Experiment
w w w w w w w
LO1.1-1:wApplywthewsix-stepwinvestigativewprocess.
LO1.1-2:wDistinguishwexperimentswandwobservationalwstudies.
LO1.1-
3:wReviewwbasicwstudywdesignwprincipleswsuchwaswinclusionwcriteriawandwrandomwassignment.wLO1.
1-4:wDefinewterminologywspecificwtowanwexperimentalwstudyw(e.g.,wtreatments).
LO1.1-5:wProducewawSourceswofwVariationwdiagramwforwanwexperiment.
Questionsw1wthroughw3:w AwstudywpublishedwinwPsychologicalwSciencewinw2007wexaminedwawpossi
-
wblewlinkwbetweenwmindsetwandwhealth.wThewfollowingwiswanwexcerptwfromwthewabstractwofwth
, ewarticle:w―84wfemalewroomwattendantswworkingwinwsevenwdifferentwhotelswwerewmeasuredwo
nwphysiologicalwhealthwvariableswaffectedwbywexercise.wThosewinwthewinformedwconditionwwe
rewtoldwthatwthewworkwtheywdow(cleaningwhotelwrooms)wiswgoodwexercisewandwsatisfieswthewSu
r-
wgeonwGeneral'swrecommendationswforwanwactivewlifestyle.wExampleswofwhowwtheirwworkwwa
swexercisewwerewprovided.wSubjectswinwthewcontrolwgroupwwerewnotwgivenwthiswinformation.‖
1. Identifywthewexperimentalwunitswinwthiswstudy.
w
A. Theweighty-fourwroomwattendants
,
, 1-2
B. Thewsevenwdifferentwhotels
C. Thewphysiologicalwhealthwvariables
D. Thewtwowgroupsw(informedwandwcontrol
)wAns:wA;wLO:w1.1-
4;wDifficulty:wEasy;wType:wMC
2. Thewresearcherswchosewtowincludewroomwattendantswfromwsevenwdifferentwhotelsw(aswop
-
wposedwtowusingwstricterwinclusionwcriteriawthatwwouldwlimitwthewstudywtowroomwattendants
watwonewparticularwhotel).wDescribewthewconsequenceswofwthiswdecision.
Usingwbroaderwinclusionwcriteriawmayw
(increase/decrease)wthewamountwofwvariatio
nwinwthewobservedwhealthwoutcomes.wHowever,wthiswdecisionwalsow (sup-
wports/limits)wgeneralizabilitywtowawlargerwpopulationwofwroomwattendants.
Ans:wincrease,wsupports;wLO:w1.1-3;wDifficulty:wMedium;wType:wFIB
3. Roomwattendantswwerewrandomlywassignedwtoweitherwthewinformedwconditionworwthewcontr
olwgroup.wWhatwiswthewmostwimportantwreasonwforwthewrandomwassignment?
A. Randomwassignmentwensureswthatwthewstudywiswdouble-blind.
B. Randomwassignmentwreduceswthewimpactwofwoutliers.
C. Randomwassignmentwcreateswtwowgroupswofwroomwattendantswthatwarewaswsimilarw
aswpossible,wwhichwsupportswcause-and-effectwconclusions.
D. Randomwassignmentwmakeswitwpossiblewtowgeneralizewthewresultswtowthewpopulation.
Ans:wC;wLO:w1.1-3;wDifficulty:wMedium;wType:wMC
Questionsw4wthroughw6:w Anwonlinewretailerwiswusingwanwexperimentwtowdecidewwhetherwtowmodify
wtheirwwebsite.wWhenwvisitorswtypewinwthewwebwaddressworwclickwawlinkwtowthewsite,wtheywarew
randomlywre-
directedwtowonewofwtwowversionswofwthewwebsite:wthewversionwthatwhaswbeenwinwusewforwthewl
astwyearw(versionwA)worwanwupdatedwversionw(versionwB).wThewretailer’swgoalwiswtowmaximize
wthewamountwofwtimew(inwminutes)wvisitorswstaywonwthewsite.
4. Identifywthewexperimentalwunitswandwvariables.wNote:wOnewofwthewanswerwchoiceswwillwnotwb
ewused.
Experimentalwunits: A.wVersionwofwthewwebsitew(AwandwB)
Explanatorywvariable: B:wOnlinewretailers
Responsewvariable: C:wVisitorswtowthewwebsite
D:wTimewspentwonwthewwebsitew(inwminutes)
Ans:wExperimentalwunits:wC,wExplanatorywvariable:wA,wResponsewvariable:wD;wLO:w1.1-
4;wDifficulty:wEasy;wType:wMa
5. Considerwtwowpossiblewmodelswforwanalyzingwtimewspentwonwthiswretailer’swwebsite.
Single-meanwmodel:
