ATI CRITICAL CARE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+|
What is the FiO2 and the flow rate for a venturi mask?
24-50%
4-10 L/min
What is the FiO2 and the flow rate for a aerosol face mask, face tent, t-
piece, and trach collar?
24-100%
10 L/min at least
*** Humidification requires frequent monitoring
What does hypercarbia look like?
restlessness, hypertension, HA
What does oxygen toxicity look like?
non-productive cough, substernal pain, nasal stuffiness, n/v, fatigue, HA,
sore throat, hypoventillation
How does assist control (AC) work related to respiratory support?
overtakes breathing for an intubated client
How does synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) work
related to respiratory support?
used in weaning; increases the work of breathing
ventilator and patient work together
How does assist inverse ratio ventillation (IVR) work related to
respiratory support?
prolongs the inspiration phase to maximize oxygenation
HIGH RISK FOR VOLUTRAUMA
What are the signs that come along with carbon monoxide poisoning?
HA, weakness, dizziness, confusion, erethema, upper airway edema with
sloughing of the respiratory tract mucousa
,What electrolyte does silver nitrate 0.5% influence?
decreases K and Na; reduces fluid evaporation and is bacteriostatic; does
not penetrate eschar
What are the disagvantages of using silver sulfadiazine on a burn wound?
causes transient neutropenia
contraindicated if sulfa allergy
can cause grey or blue-green discoloration
decreases granulocyte formation
What topical medication do you use for burns if you want it to penetrate
eschar?
Mafenide acetate
(cons: hard to remove and may cause metabolic acidosis)
Explanation of the types of burns: superficial thickness to deep full
thickness
1. superficial: epidermis, no blisters/eschar, heals in 3-6 d, ex. sunburn or
flash burn
2. superficial partial thickness: blisters and no eschar, heals within 3
weeks, ex. flash flame and scalds
3. deep partial thickness: damage into the entire epidermis and deep into
the dermis, red to white, no blisters, moderate edema, eschar soft and dry,
heals in two to 6 weeks, ex. grease, tar, chemical
4. full thickness: can extend into the sq tissue and cause nerve damage,
red/black/brown/yellow/white, eschar hard and inelastic, heals in weeks
to months, ex. grease, tar, chemical, electrical scalds
5. deep full thickness: extends to muscles, tendons, bones, black, eschar
hard and inelastic, ex. electrical burns and flames
T/F: For someone that ingested a toxin, we want to induce vomiting.
F; vomiting poses a risk for aspiration; we want to instill inactivated
charcoal, gastric lavage, IV fluids
How do you open a client's airway when there is suspected trauma? no
suspected trauma?
,modified jaw thrust
head-tilt, chin lift
What are the 5 stages of parkinsons?
1. unilateral shaking or tremor of one limb
2. bilateral limb involvement making walking and balance hard
3. physical movements slow down, need assistive devices
4. tremors decrease by akinesia makes ADL's hard
5. dementia poissibly; dependent in all respects
What are the stages of AD?
I: no impairment
II: mild cog decline; forgetfulness of objects, no impairment obvious to
others
III: loosing or misplacing important objects, decreased ability to plan,
decreased attn span, hard time remembering words or names, obvious to
close relatives
IX: withdrawn or other personality changes, obvious memory loss, hard
time managing finances, etc.
X: needs assistance with ADL's, disoriented to time and place
VI: knows name but unable to recall personal hx, wandering behavior,
incontinence
VII: unrecognizable speech, incontinence, needs assistance with eating,
ataxia
What are risk factors for AD
*** Note: long time estrogen therapy combats
-advanced age
- chemical imbalances
- fam hx AD or downs
- herpes virus, metal, toxic waste
- female
- AA at higher risk, earlier for hispanics
, - fluctuating BP and ineffective cough are associated with ALS
- MS has a loss of cog function
MG has drooping eyelids
got it!
What are some triggers of autoimmune diseases?
infection, cold climate, hot bath, overexertion, fatigue, prego, emotional
stress, injury
What is utoff's sign associated with?
MS- temporary worsening vision and other neuro signs just after
exposure to exertion or heat
WILL ALSO SEE: paresthesia, tinnitus and hearing trouble, dysphagia,
dysarthria, muscle spasticity, ataxia, muscle weakness,
constipation/incontinence, loss of bladder control, cog changes, sexual
dysfunction, nystagmus
What describes a cluster HA?
intense, unilateral, non-throbbing, radiating, lasts 30 min to 2 h, occurs
same time for 4-12 weeks, no warning, more common in med, nasal
congestion, facial sweating, drooping eyelid, miosis (pupil constriction,
facial pallor or flushing), bradycardia, n/v, pacing/rocking/sitting
Education post-cataract surgery
best vision not until 4-6 w
Avoid activities that increase IOP: bending at the waist, sneezing,
coughing, straining, head hyperflexion, restrictive clothing, sexual
intercourse
What is the expected ref range for IOP?
10-21 mmHg
What are the findings of open angle glaucoma? closed angle?
open:
HA, eye pain, decreased accomodation, light halos, elevated IOP
closed:
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+|
What is the FiO2 and the flow rate for a venturi mask?
24-50%
4-10 L/min
What is the FiO2 and the flow rate for a aerosol face mask, face tent, t-
piece, and trach collar?
24-100%
10 L/min at least
*** Humidification requires frequent monitoring
What does hypercarbia look like?
restlessness, hypertension, HA
What does oxygen toxicity look like?
non-productive cough, substernal pain, nasal stuffiness, n/v, fatigue, HA,
sore throat, hypoventillation
How does assist control (AC) work related to respiratory support?
overtakes breathing for an intubated client
How does synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) work
related to respiratory support?
used in weaning; increases the work of breathing
ventilator and patient work together
How does assist inverse ratio ventillation (IVR) work related to
respiratory support?
prolongs the inspiration phase to maximize oxygenation
HIGH RISK FOR VOLUTRAUMA
What are the signs that come along with carbon monoxide poisoning?
HA, weakness, dizziness, confusion, erethema, upper airway edema with
sloughing of the respiratory tract mucousa
,What electrolyte does silver nitrate 0.5% influence?
decreases K and Na; reduces fluid evaporation and is bacteriostatic; does
not penetrate eschar
What are the disagvantages of using silver sulfadiazine on a burn wound?
causes transient neutropenia
contraindicated if sulfa allergy
can cause grey or blue-green discoloration
decreases granulocyte formation
What topical medication do you use for burns if you want it to penetrate
eschar?
Mafenide acetate
(cons: hard to remove and may cause metabolic acidosis)
Explanation of the types of burns: superficial thickness to deep full
thickness
1. superficial: epidermis, no blisters/eschar, heals in 3-6 d, ex. sunburn or
flash burn
2. superficial partial thickness: blisters and no eschar, heals within 3
weeks, ex. flash flame and scalds
3. deep partial thickness: damage into the entire epidermis and deep into
the dermis, red to white, no blisters, moderate edema, eschar soft and dry,
heals in two to 6 weeks, ex. grease, tar, chemical
4. full thickness: can extend into the sq tissue and cause nerve damage,
red/black/brown/yellow/white, eschar hard and inelastic, heals in weeks
to months, ex. grease, tar, chemical, electrical scalds
5. deep full thickness: extends to muscles, tendons, bones, black, eschar
hard and inelastic, ex. electrical burns and flames
T/F: For someone that ingested a toxin, we want to induce vomiting.
F; vomiting poses a risk for aspiration; we want to instill inactivated
charcoal, gastric lavage, IV fluids
How do you open a client's airway when there is suspected trauma? no
suspected trauma?
,modified jaw thrust
head-tilt, chin lift
What are the 5 stages of parkinsons?
1. unilateral shaking or tremor of one limb
2. bilateral limb involvement making walking and balance hard
3. physical movements slow down, need assistive devices
4. tremors decrease by akinesia makes ADL's hard
5. dementia poissibly; dependent in all respects
What are the stages of AD?
I: no impairment
II: mild cog decline; forgetfulness of objects, no impairment obvious to
others
III: loosing or misplacing important objects, decreased ability to plan,
decreased attn span, hard time remembering words or names, obvious to
close relatives
IX: withdrawn or other personality changes, obvious memory loss, hard
time managing finances, etc.
X: needs assistance with ADL's, disoriented to time and place
VI: knows name but unable to recall personal hx, wandering behavior,
incontinence
VII: unrecognizable speech, incontinence, needs assistance with eating,
ataxia
What are risk factors for AD
*** Note: long time estrogen therapy combats
-advanced age
- chemical imbalances
- fam hx AD or downs
- herpes virus, metal, toxic waste
- female
- AA at higher risk, earlier for hispanics
, - fluctuating BP and ineffective cough are associated with ALS
- MS has a loss of cog function
MG has drooping eyelids
got it!
What are some triggers of autoimmune diseases?
infection, cold climate, hot bath, overexertion, fatigue, prego, emotional
stress, injury
What is utoff's sign associated with?
MS- temporary worsening vision and other neuro signs just after
exposure to exertion or heat
WILL ALSO SEE: paresthesia, tinnitus and hearing trouble, dysphagia,
dysarthria, muscle spasticity, ataxia, muscle weakness,
constipation/incontinence, loss of bladder control, cog changes, sexual
dysfunction, nystagmus
What describes a cluster HA?
intense, unilateral, non-throbbing, radiating, lasts 30 min to 2 h, occurs
same time for 4-12 weeks, no warning, more common in med, nasal
congestion, facial sweating, drooping eyelid, miosis (pupil constriction,
facial pallor or flushing), bradycardia, n/v, pacing/rocking/sitting
Education post-cataract surgery
best vision not until 4-6 w
Avoid activities that increase IOP: bending at the waist, sneezing,
coughing, straining, head hyperflexion, restrictive clothing, sexual
intercourse
What is the expected ref range for IOP?
10-21 mmHg
What are the findings of open angle glaucoma? closed angle?
open:
HA, eye pain, decreased accomodation, light halos, elevated IOP
closed:
