KINES 314 (UW-MADISON) EXAM 2
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Describe functional sympatholysis - Correct Answers -Functional sympatholysis is the
ability of active muscle to ignore sympathetic stimulation. This allows the vasculature of
the active tissue to remain dilated.
Typical values of HR, SV, CO, and BP during exercise: - Correct Answers -HR: 180-200
bpm
SV: 120-130ml
CO: 25L/min
BP: 180-200/80 mmHg
What are 3 factors that determine stroke volume? - Correct Answers -1) Preload - Think
EDV when you see "preload". When EDV is greater there will be more optimal overlap
of the actin and myosin. This is the Frank-Starling relationship. There are few things that
increase EDV: muscle pump (rhythmic contraction of skeletal muscle forces blood back
to heart with the assistance of one-way valves), respiratory pump (during inspiration the
pressure of the intrathoracic cavity decreases, creating a "gradient" for blood wanting to
go back to the heart), venous constriction (although not as profound as arteriole
constriction it still helps with getting blood back to the heart from these compliant
vessels), filling time (a longer filling time allows more blood to flow into the ventricle,
larger EDV).
2) Increased contractility - Sympathetic innervation on the ventricles causes them to
contract with more force
3) Afterload - Think MAP when you see the word "afterload". Another way to look at this
variable is to think about how the pressure in the left ventricle has to overcome the
pressure in the aorta before the aortic semilunar valve opens. If MAP is greater, this
means the pressure in the left ventricle has to overcome a larger pressure in order for
the aortic semilunar valve to open. As a result, stroke volume will decrease because
there is a shorter time period where the aortic semilunar valve is open.
What is the only component of the pressure-volume loop that stays the same during rest
& exercise? - Correct Answers -The diastolic pressure. Everything else increases with
exercise.
How does lowering pH and increasing temperature affect the oxyhemoglobin saturation
curve? - Correct Answers -It shifts the curve to the right, meaning it takes a higher PO2
to saturate hemoglobin. CO2 is acidic and causes the blood to be at a lower pH.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Describe functional sympatholysis - Correct Answers -Functional sympatholysis is the
ability of active muscle to ignore sympathetic stimulation. This allows the vasculature of
the active tissue to remain dilated.
Typical values of HR, SV, CO, and BP during exercise: - Correct Answers -HR: 180-200
bpm
SV: 120-130ml
CO: 25L/min
BP: 180-200/80 mmHg
What are 3 factors that determine stroke volume? - Correct Answers -1) Preload - Think
EDV when you see "preload". When EDV is greater there will be more optimal overlap
of the actin and myosin. This is the Frank-Starling relationship. There are few things that
increase EDV: muscle pump (rhythmic contraction of skeletal muscle forces blood back
to heart with the assistance of one-way valves), respiratory pump (during inspiration the
pressure of the intrathoracic cavity decreases, creating a "gradient" for blood wanting to
go back to the heart), venous constriction (although not as profound as arteriole
constriction it still helps with getting blood back to the heart from these compliant
vessels), filling time (a longer filling time allows more blood to flow into the ventricle,
larger EDV).
2) Increased contractility - Sympathetic innervation on the ventricles causes them to
contract with more force
3) Afterload - Think MAP when you see the word "afterload". Another way to look at this
variable is to think about how the pressure in the left ventricle has to overcome the
pressure in the aorta before the aortic semilunar valve opens. If MAP is greater, this
means the pressure in the left ventricle has to overcome a larger pressure in order for
the aortic semilunar valve to open. As a result, stroke volume will decrease because
there is a shorter time period where the aortic semilunar valve is open.
What is the only component of the pressure-volume loop that stays the same during rest
& exercise? - Correct Answers -The diastolic pressure. Everything else increases with
exercise.
How does lowering pH and increasing temperature affect the oxyhemoglobin saturation
curve? - Correct Answers -It shifts the curve to the right, meaning it takes a higher PO2
to saturate hemoglobin. CO2 is acidic and causes the blood to be at a lower pH.
