KINES 314 - EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system? - Correct Answers -To
maintain homeostasis by delivering oxygen and nutrients, removing wastes, and
regulating body temperature.
What are the two main circuits of the circulatory system? - Correct Answers -Pulmonary
circuit and systemic circuit.
What does the pulmonary circuit do? - Correct Answers -Pumps deoxygenated blood to
the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart.
What does the systemic circuit do? - Correct Answers -Pumps oxygenated blood to the
whole body and returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart.
What are the two pumps of the heart responsible for? - Correct Answers -The right side
pumps blood through the pulmonary circulation, while the left side delivers blood to the
systemic circulation.
What is the cardiac cycle composed of? - Correct Answers -Systole (contraction phase)
and diastole (relaxation phase).
How much blood is typically ejected from the ventricles during systole? - Correct
Answers -Approximately 2/3 of the blood.
What is the role of the sinoatrial (SA) node? - Correct Answers -It acts as the
pacemaker, initiating depolarization of the heart.
What is the function of the atrioventricular (AV) node? - Correct Answers -It passes
depolarization to the ventricles and allows for a brief delay for ventricular filling.
What happens to the duration of systole and diastole during exercise? - Correct
Answers -Both systole and diastole become shorter.
What is the myocardium? - Correct Answers -The heart muscle that receives blood
supply via coronary arteries.
,What are the main components of the circulatory system structure? - Correct Answers -
Heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins, and venules.
What is the significance of the coronary arteries? - Correct Answers -They supply the
myocardium with oxygen and nutrients due to its high demand.
What are the characteristics of the cardiovascular system? - Correct Answers -Robust,
durable, adaptable, and delicate.
What is the impact of exercise on cardiac output? - Correct Answers -Exercise leads to
an increase in cardiac output and a redistribution of blood flow to active muscles.
What are the insults that the cardiovascular system must maintain homeostasis
against? - Correct Answers -Exercise, heat, cold, hypoxia, diving, gravity, starvation,
sleep deprivation, and infection.
What is the role of capillaries in the circulatory system? - Correct Answers -They
facilitate the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients with tissues.
What is the difference between the oxygen profiles of the pulmonary and systemic
circuits? - Correct Answers -The pulmonary circuit has low pressure and high flow, while
the systemic circuit has high pressure and high flow.
What is the effect of detraining on the cardiovascular system? - Correct Answers -
Detraining can lead to decreased cardiovascular efficiency and adaptations.
What are the primary fuels used by the cardiovascular system during exercise? -
Correct Answers -Oxygen, glucose, and free fatty acids (FFA).
What is the importance of blood pressure in the cardiovascular system? - Correct
Answers -It is crucial for maintaining blood flow and ensuring adequate delivery of
oxygen and nutrients.
How does the body manage blood gases and pH during exercise? - Correct Answers -
Through the coordinated response of the heart and lungs to regulate gas exchange.
What does an electrocardiogram (ECG) record? - Correct Answers -The electrical
activity of the heart.
What does the P wave in an ECG represent? - Correct Answers -Atrial depolarization.
What does the QRS complex in an ECG indicate? - Correct Answers -Ventricular
depolarization and atrial repolarization.
What does the T wave in an ECG signify? - Correct Answers -Ventricular repolarization.
, What ECG abnormality can indicate myocardial ischemia? - Correct Answers -ST-
segment depression.
What occurs during diastole in the cardiac cycle? - Correct Answers -Pressure in
ventricles is low and they fill with blood from the atria.
What happens during systole in the cardiac cycle? - Correct Answers -Pressure in
ventricles rises and blood is ejected into pulmonary and systemic circulation.
When do the AV valves open during the cardiac cycle? - Correct Answers -When
ventricular pressure is less than atrial pressure.
When do the semilunar valves open? - Correct Answers -When ventricular pressure is
greater than aortic pressure.
What heart sound is associated with the closing of AV valves? - Correct Answers -The
first heart sound.
What heart sound is associated with the closing of aortic and pulmonary valves? -
Correct Answers -The second heart sound.
What does the stroke volume (SV) represent? - Correct Answers -The amount of blood
ejected by the ventricle in one contraction.
How is stroke volume (SV) calculated? - Correct Answers -SV = End Diastolic Volume
(EDV) - End Systolic Volume (ESV).
What is the ejection fraction (EF) and how is it calculated? - Correct Answers -EF is the
percentage of EDV that is ejected, calculated as EF% = (SV/EDV) * 100.
What effect does increased venous return have on stroke volume? - Correct Answers -It
can lead to a greater stroke volume.
What factors can increase cardiac contractility? - Correct Answers -Sympathetic
stimulation and hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine.
What is the relationship between pressure-volume loops and cardiac function? - Correct
Answers -They provide a visual representation of the heart's performance in terms of
stroke volume, pressure, and contractility.
What does a Wiggers diagram illustrate? - Correct Answers -The time-dependent
linkage of electrical and mechanical events in the cardiac cycle.
What is the significance of pressure-volume loops in assessing cardiac status? - Correct
Answers -They help estimate stroke volume, blood pressure, and contractility, allowing
for rapid adaptation to physiological changes.
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system? - Correct Answers -To
maintain homeostasis by delivering oxygen and nutrients, removing wastes, and
regulating body temperature.
What are the two main circuits of the circulatory system? - Correct Answers -Pulmonary
circuit and systemic circuit.
What does the pulmonary circuit do? - Correct Answers -Pumps deoxygenated blood to
the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart.
What does the systemic circuit do? - Correct Answers -Pumps oxygenated blood to the
whole body and returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart.
What are the two pumps of the heart responsible for? - Correct Answers -The right side
pumps blood through the pulmonary circulation, while the left side delivers blood to the
systemic circulation.
What is the cardiac cycle composed of? - Correct Answers -Systole (contraction phase)
and diastole (relaxation phase).
How much blood is typically ejected from the ventricles during systole? - Correct
Answers -Approximately 2/3 of the blood.
What is the role of the sinoatrial (SA) node? - Correct Answers -It acts as the
pacemaker, initiating depolarization of the heart.
What is the function of the atrioventricular (AV) node? - Correct Answers -It passes
depolarization to the ventricles and allows for a brief delay for ventricular filling.
What happens to the duration of systole and diastole during exercise? - Correct
Answers -Both systole and diastole become shorter.
What is the myocardium? - Correct Answers -The heart muscle that receives blood
supply via coronary arteries.
,What are the main components of the circulatory system structure? - Correct Answers -
Heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins, and venules.
What is the significance of the coronary arteries? - Correct Answers -They supply the
myocardium with oxygen and nutrients due to its high demand.
What are the characteristics of the cardiovascular system? - Correct Answers -Robust,
durable, adaptable, and delicate.
What is the impact of exercise on cardiac output? - Correct Answers -Exercise leads to
an increase in cardiac output and a redistribution of blood flow to active muscles.
What are the insults that the cardiovascular system must maintain homeostasis
against? - Correct Answers -Exercise, heat, cold, hypoxia, diving, gravity, starvation,
sleep deprivation, and infection.
What is the role of capillaries in the circulatory system? - Correct Answers -They
facilitate the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients with tissues.
What is the difference between the oxygen profiles of the pulmonary and systemic
circuits? - Correct Answers -The pulmonary circuit has low pressure and high flow, while
the systemic circuit has high pressure and high flow.
What is the effect of detraining on the cardiovascular system? - Correct Answers -
Detraining can lead to decreased cardiovascular efficiency and adaptations.
What are the primary fuels used by the cardiovascular system during exercise? -
Correct Answers -Oxygen, glucose, and free fatty acids (FFA).
What is the importance of blood pressure in the cardiovascular system? - Correct
Answers -It is crucial for maintaining blood flow and ensuring adequate delivery of
oxygen and nutrients.
How does the body manage blood gases and pH during exercise? - Correct Answers -
Through the coordinated response of the heart and lungs to regulate gas exchange.
What does an electrocardiogram (ECG) record? - Correct Answers -The electrical
activity of the heart.
What does the P wave in an ECG represent? - Correct Answers -Atrial depolarization.
What does the QRS complex in an ECG indicate? - Correct Answers -Ventricular
depolarization and atrial repolarization.
What does the T wave in an ECG signify? - Correct Answers -Ventricular repolarization.
, What ECG abnormality can indicate myocardial ischemia? - Correct Answers -ST-
segment depression.
What occurs during diastole in the cardiac cycle? - Correct Answers -Pressure in
ventricles is low and they fill with blood from the atria.
What happens during systole in the cardiac cycle? - Correct Answers -Pressure in
ventricles rises and blood is ejected into pulmonary and systemic circulation.
When do the AV valves open during the cardiac cycle? - Correct Answers -When
ventricular pressure is less than atrial pressure.
When do the semilunar valves open? - Correct Answers -When ventricular pressure is
greater than aortic pressure.
What heart sound is associated with the closing of AV valves? - Correct Answers -The
first heart sound.
What heart sound is associated with the closing of aortic and pulmonary valves? -
Correct Answers -The second heart sound.
What does the stroke volume (SV) represent? - Correct Answers -The amount of blood
ejected by the ventricle in one contraction.
How is stroke volume (SV) calculated? - Correct Answers -SV = End Diastolic Volume
(EDV) - End Systolic Volume (ESV).
What is the ejection fraction (EF) and how is it calculated? - Correct Answers -EF is the
percentage of EDV that is ejected, calculated as EF% = (SV/EDV) * 100.
What effect does increased venous return have on stroke volume? - Correct Answers -It
can lead to a greater stroke volume.
What factors can increase cardiac contractility? - Correct Answers -Sympathetic
stimulation and hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine.
What is the relationship between pressure-volume loops and cardiac function? - Correct
Answers -They provide a visual representation of the heart's performance in terms of
stroke volume, pressure, and contractility.
What does a Wiggers diagram illustrate? - Correct Answers -The time-dependent
linkage of electrical and mechanical events in the cardiac cycle.
What is the significance of pressure-volume loops in assessing cardiac status? - Correct
Answers -They help estimate stroke volume, blood pressure, and contractility, allowing
for rapid adaptation to physiological changes.
