1. Which measure is the most effective for preventing surgical site infections (SSI)?
A. Prophylactic antibiotics only
B. Strict hand hygiene compliance
C. Extended postoperative bed rest
D. High-dose steroids
Correct Answer: B. Strict hand hygiene compliance
Rationale: Hand hygiene is the most effective and fundamental measure in preventing SSI
transmission.
2. When should prophylactic antibiotics be administered for surgery?
A. 24 hours before incision
B. Within 60 minutes before incision
C. After wound closure
D. Only if infection occurs
Correct Answer: B. Within 60 minutes before incision
Rationale: Optimal tissue concentration at the time of incision reduces infection risk.
3. Which factor most increases risk of surgical site infection?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Short surgery duration
C. Hydration
D. Early ambulation
Correct Answer: A. Diabetes mellitus
Rationale: Hyperglycemia impairs immune response and wound healing.
4. Which blood glucose level is targeted perioperatively to reduce SSI risk?
A. <180 mg/dL
B. <300 mg/dL
C. >250 mg/dL
D. No control needed
,Correct Answer: A. <180 mg/dL
Rationale: Tight glucose control reduces bacterial growth and improves healing.
5. Which surgical factor increases SSI risk the most?
A. Prolonged operative time
B. Minimal tissue handling
C. Sterile technique
D. Laparoscopic approach
Correct Answer: A. Prolonged operative time
Rationale: Longer exposure increases contamination risk.
6. Which skin preparation agent is preferred before surgery?
A. Chlorhexidine-alcohol
B. Water only
C. Soap only
D. Saline only
Correct Answer: A. Chlorhexidine-alcohol
Rationale: Chlorhexidine with alcohol provides broad antimicrobial activity.
7. Which practice reduces SSI risk most effectively preoperatively?
A. Hair removal with clippers only if necessary
B. Razor shaving night before surgery
C. No skin preparation
D. Using depilatory creams in OR
Correct Answer: A. Hair removal with clippers only if necessary
Rationale: Razors cause microabrasions that increase infection risk.
8. Which wound classification has the highest SSI risk?
, A. Dirty-infected wound
B. Clean wound
C. Clean-contaminated wound
D. Laparoscopic incision
Correct Answer: A. Dirty-infected wound
Rationale: Existing infection significantly increases bacterial load.
9. Which sign most suggests early surgical site infection?
A. Increasing redness, warmth, and pain at incision
B. Decreasing pain
C. Pale skin around wound
D. Itching only
Correct Answer: A. Increasing redness, warmth, and pain at incision
Rationale: Classic inflammatory signs indicate infection.
10.Which organism is most commonly associated with SSI?
A. Staphylococcus aureus
B. E. coli only
C. Influenza virus
D. Candida albicans only
Correct Answer: A. Staphylococcus aureus
Rationale: Skin flora is the most common source of SSI.
11.Which intervention is essential for SSI prevention in diabetic patients?
A. Tight glucose control
B. Fluid restriction
C. High-fat diet
D. Bed rest only
Correct Answer: A. Tight glucose control
Rationale: Hyperglycemia impairs leukocyte function.
A. Prophylactic antibiotics only
B. Strict hand hygiene compliance
C. Extended postoperative bed rest
D. High-dose steroids
Correct Answer: B. Strict hand hygiene compliance
Rationale: Hand hygiene is the most effective and fundamental measure in preventing SSI
transmission.
2. When should prophylactic antibiotics be administered for surgery?
A. 24 hours before incision
B. Within 60 minutes before incision
C. After wound closure
D. Only if infection occurs
Correct Answer: B. Within 60 minutes before incision
Rationale: Optimal tissue concentration at the time of incision reduces infection risk.
3. Which factor most increases risk of surgical site infection?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Short surgery duration
C. Hydration
D. Early ambulation
Correct Answer: A. Diabetes mellitus
Rationale: Hyperglycemia impairs immune response and wound healing.
4. Which blood glucose level is targeted perioperatively to reduce SSI risk?
A. <180 mg/dL
B. <300 mg/dL
C. >250 mg/dL
D. No control needed
,Correct Answer: A. <180 mg/dL
Rationale: Tight glucose control reduces bacterial growth and improves healing.
5. Which surgical factor increases SSI risk the most?
A. Prolonged operative time
B. Minimal tissue handling
C. Sterile technique
D. Laparoscopic approach
Correct Answer: A. Prolonged operative time
Rationale: Longer exposure increases contamination risk.
6. Which skin preparation agent is preferred before surgery?
A. Chlorhexidine-alcohol
B. Water only
C. Soap only
D. Saline only
Correct Answer: A. Chlorhexidine-alcohol
Rationale: Chlorhexidine with alcohol provides broad antimicrobial activity.
7. Which practice reduces SSI risk most effectively preoperatively?
A. Hair removal with clippers only if necessary
B. Razor shaving night before surgery
C. No skin preparation
D. Using depilatory creams in OR
Correct Answer: A. Hair removal with clippers only if necessary
Rationale: Razors cause microabrasions that increase infection risk.
8. Which wound classification has the highest SSI risk?
, A. Dirty-infected wound
B. Clean wound
C. Clean-contaminated wound
D. Laparoscopic incision
Correct Answer: A. Dirty-infected wound
Rationale: Existing infection significantly increases bacterial load.
9. Which sign most suggests early surgical site infection?
A. Increasing redness, warmth, and pain at incision
B. Decreasing pain
C. Pale skin around wound
D. Itching only
Correct Answer: A. Increasing redness, warmth, and pain at incision
Rationale: Classic inflammatory signs indicate infection.
10.Which organism is most commonly associated with SSI?
A. Staphylococcus aureus
B. E. coli only
C. Influenza virus
D. Candida albicans only
Correct Answer: A. Staphylococcus aureus
Rationale: Skin flora is the most common source of SSI.
11.Which intervention is essential for SSI prevention in diabetic patients?
A. Tight glucose control
B. Fluid restriction
C. High-fat diet
D. Bed rest only
Correct Answer: A. Tight glucose control
Rationale: Hyperglycemia impairs leukocyte function.
