NR566 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
which antibiotics are preferred for patients with an overwhelming
infection: bactericidal or bacteriostatic
bactericidal
broad spectrum antibiotics
affect a broad range of gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria
narrow spectrum antibiotics
Effective against specific bacteria
which is used for empiric therapy: narrow or broad
broad spectrum
Risks of Broad Spectrum
disruption of normal floral
increases risk of development of antibiotic resistance
which antibiotics increase the risk of antibiotic resistance: narrow or broad
spectrum and why
Broad spectrum because they kill more competing organisms than narrow
spectrum drugs
is narrow or broad spectrum antibiotics preferred
narrow is preferred when possible.
,broad spectrum only used when pathogen is unknown or when multiple types of
bacteria is suspected
Bactericidal drugs
Aminoglycosides
Beta-lactams
fluoroquinolones
Metronidazole
Vancomycin
streptogramins
most antimycobacterial agents (rifampin, isoniazid, streptomycin, etc)
bacteriostatic drugs
clindamycin
macrolides
sulfonamides
tetracyclines
When is empiric therapy used?
when treatment is started without cultures or when culture results are not back
yet
who needs empiric therapy
critically ill pts after first set of cxs
hospitalized pts until css are available
ambulatory pts based on clinical presentation
Penicillins MOA
inhibit cell wall synthesis; bactericidal
penicillins primarily excreted how
in urine
what needs to be monitored when giving penicillins
renal function
what happens if renal insufficiency occurs while giving penicillins
, prolonged half-life leading to toxicity
Penicillin distribution
-Well distributed to most body tissues
-Penetration to CSF and eye tissues poor in absence of inflammation
narrow-spectrum penicillinase sensitive drugs
penicillin G
penicillin V
narrow-spectrum penicillinase sensitive susceptible pathogens
streptococci, Neisseria, anaerobes
narrow-spectrum penicillinase resistant drugs
naficillin
oxacillin
dicloxacillin
narrow-spectrum penicillinase resistant susceptible pathogens
S. Aureus
streptococci
Broad-spectrum penicillins
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
broad-spectrum penicillins susceptible pathogens
E.coli
proteus mirrabillis
enterococci
neisseria gonorrheae
Extended spectrum penicillins
Piperacillin
ANSWERS
which antibiotics are preferred for patients with an overwhelming
infection: bactericidal or bacteriostatic
bactericidal
broad spectrum antibiotics
affect a broad range of gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria
narrow spectrum antibiotics
Effective against specific bacteria
which is used for empiric therapy: narrow or broad
broad spectrum
Risks of Broad Spectrum
disruption of normal floral
increases risk of development of antibiotic resistance
which antibiotics increase the risk of antibiotic resistance: narrow or broad
spectrum and why
Broad spectrum because they kill more competing organisms than narrow
spectrum drugs
is narrow or broad spectrum antibiotics preferred
narrow is preferred when possible.
,broad spectrum only used when pathogen is unknown or when multiple types of
bacteria is suspected
Bactericidal drugs
Aminoglycosides
Beta-lactams
fluoroquinolones
Metronidazole
Vancomycin
streptogramins
most antimycobacterial agents (rifampin, isoniazid, streptomycin, etc)
bacteriostatic drugs
clindamycin
macrolides
sulfonamides
tetracyclines
When is empiric therapy used?
when treatment is started without cultures or when culture results are not back
yet
who needs empiric therapy
critically ill pts after first set of cxs
hospitalized pts until css are available
ambulatory pts based on clinical presentation
Penicillins MOA
inhibit cell wall synthesis; bactericidal
penicillins primarily excreted how
in urine
what needs to be monitored when giving penicillins
renal function
what happens if renal insufficiency occurs while giving penicillins
, prolonged half-life leading to toxicity
Penicillin distribution
-Well distributed to most body tissues
-Penetration to CSF and eye tissues poor in absence of inflammation
narrow-spectrum penicillinase sensitive drugs
penicillin G
penicillin V
narrow-spectrum penicillinase sensitive susceptible pathogens
streptococci, Neisseria, anaerobes
narrow-spectrum penicillinase resistant drugs
naficillin
oxacillin
dicloxacillin
narrow-spectrum penicillinase resistant susceptible pathogens
S. Aureus
streptococci
Broad-spectrum penicillins
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
broad-spectrum penicillins susceptible pathogens
E.coli
proteus mirrabillis
enterococci
neisseria gonorrheae
Extended spectrum penicillins
Piperacillin
