OAE 57 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE
PRIMARY ED. EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
Non-Verbal Response - ANS a way to communicate without speaking
(the teacher taught the students the non-verbal response of setting their pencils down when
they were ready for next question)
Student Engagement - ANS the level of attention and interest students demonstrate while
learning
Flexible Thinking - ANS the ability to adjust to changed priorities (a component of executive
function)
Example of flexible thinking - ANS a child uses flexible thinking to find an alternative way to
solve a problem when the first method doesn't work
Prosocial behavior - ANS behavior that helps others or contributes to society (ex.
volunteering, donating, helping)
Intrinsically motivated - ANS students draw their motivation from the learning process itself
Executive function - ANS the cognitive abilities to control one's thoughts, emotions, and
actions- this includes working memory, inhibitory control and flexible thinking
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,What is executive function responsible for? - ANS many skills including paying attention,
organizing, planning and prioritizing.
Negative punishment - ANS removing a stimulus in reaction to a behavior to decrease the
likelihood of the behavior (ex. removing phone privileges from student for using it to play games
during instructional time)
Working Memory - ANS the ability to hold information in one's mind (executive function
component)
- helps a child to remember multi-step directions.
Self-regulation - ANS the ability of a person to control their emotions, body, and behavior
when faced with an unwanted situation
Inhibitory control - ANS the ability to think before acting (executive function component)
-resisting the urge to eat dessert is an example
punishment - ANS a penalty given in response to a behavior (ex. detention)
Positive punishment - ANS presenting a stimulus in reaction to a behavior to decrease the
likelihood of the behavior (ex. giving a detention for talking in class)
Reinforcement - ANS providing positive responses to positive behaviors in an effort to
increase the frequency
Positive reinforcement - ANS presenting a stimulus in reaction to a behavior to increase the
likelihood of that behavior (ex. a student answers a question, and the teacher gives him a
compliment)
Self-esteem - ANS belief in one's self and one's abilities
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, Negative reinforcement - ANS removing a stimulus in reaction to a behavior to increase the
likelihood of a behavior (ex. teacher allows students to talk to each other if they all earn "A's"
on the quiz. The teacher is removing a stimulus (class-wide silence) in response to a behavior to
increase the likelihood of behavior))
Open-ended questions - ANS question that requires more than a simple "yes" or "no"
response and promotes whole class and small group discussion
Preoperational stage - ANS the 2nd stage of Piaget's Theory of Cognitive development,
occurring from 2-7 years old, in which children think egocentrically and symbolically
Lev Vygotsky - ANS a social psychologist who believed that humans developed through
intrapersonal connections with society (associated with constructivism)
Vicarious reinforcement - ANS the idea that learning can occur by observing the
consequences of a behavior
schema - ANS an organized way of viewing the world and using this organization to
incorporate new knowledge
Concrete Operational Stage - ANS the 3rd stage of Piaget's Theory of Cognitive development,
occurring from 7 years-adolescence, in which children begin to think logically and use inductive
reasoning
Spectator play - ANS watching others play without engaging; ages 2-2.5
Interdisciplinary learning - ANS relating to more than one curriculum area
Conditioning - ANS either reinforcing behavior with a reward or a punishment, or association
with two stimuli (classical conditioning- Pavlov's dog)
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 21
PRIMARY ED. EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
Non-Verbal Response - ANS a way to communicate without speaking
(the teacher taught the students the non-verbal response of setting their pencils down when
they were ready for next question)
Student Engagement - ANS the level of attention and interest students demonstrate while
learning
Flexible Thinking - ANS the ability to adjust to changed priorities (a component of executive
function)
Example of flexible thinking - ANS a child uses flexible thinking to find an alternative way to
solve a problem when the first method doesn't work
Prosocial behavior - ANS behavior that helps others or contributes to society (ex.
volunteering, donating, helping)
Intrinsically motivated - ANS students draw their motivation from the learning process itself
Executive function - ANS the cognitive abilities to control one's thoughts, emotions, and
actions- this includes working memory, inhibitory control and flexible thinking
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 21
,What is executive function responsible for? - ANS many skills including paying attention,
organizing, planning and prioritizing.
Negative punishment - ANS removing a stimulus in reaction to a behavior to decrease the
likelihood of the behavior (ex. removing phone privileges from student for using it to play games
during instructional time)
Working Memory - ANS the ability to hold information in one's mind (executive function
component)
- helps a child to remember multi-step directions.
Self-regulation - ANS the ability of a person to control their emotions, body, and behavior
when faced with an unwanted situation
Inhibitory control - ANS the ability to think before acting (executive function component)
-resisting the urge to eat dessert is an example
punishment - ANS a penalty given in response to a behavior (ex. detention)
Positive punishment - ANS presenting a stimulus in reaction to a behavior to decrease the
likelihood of the behavior (ex. giving a detention for talking in class)
Reinforcement - ANS providing positive responses to positive behaviors in an effort to
increase the frequency
Positive reinforcement - ANS presenting a stimulus in reaction to a behavior to increase the
likelihood of that behavior (ex. a student answers a question, and the teacher gives him a
compliment)
Self-esteem - ANS belief in one's self and one's abilities
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 21
, Negative reinforcement - ANS removing a stimulus in reaction to a behavior to increase the
likelihood of a behavior (ex. teacher allows students to talk to each other if they all earn "A's"
on the quiz. The teacher is removing a stimulus (class-wide silence) in response to a behavior to
increase the likelihood of behavior))
Open-ended questions - ANS question that requires more than a simple "yes" or "no"
response and promotes whole class and small group discussion
Preoperational stage - ANS the 2nd stage of Piaget's Theory of Cognitive development,
occurring from 2-7 years old, in which children think egocentrically and symbolically
Lev Vygotsky - ANS a social psychologist who believed that humans developed through
intrapersonal connections with society (associated with constructivism)
Vicarious reinforcement - ANS the idea that learning can occur by observing the
consequences of a behavior
schema - ANS an organized way of viewing the world and using this organization to
incorporate new knowledge
Concrete Operational Stage - ANS the 3rd stage of Piaget's Theory of Cognitive development,
occurring from 7 years-adolescence, in which children begin to think logically and use inductive
reasoning
Spectator play - ANS watching others play without engaging; ages 2-2.5
Interdisciplinary learning - ANS relating to more than one curriculum area
Conditioning - ANS either reinforcing behavior with a reward or a punishment, or association
with two stimuli (classical conditioning- Pavlov's dog)
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 21
