SLCC Pathophysiology Final Exam
With Answer
Specific gravity - CORRECT ANSWER- 1.010-1.030
Troponin - CORRECT ANSWER- Elevated only up to 12 hr. after M.I.
Dyspnea - CORRECT ANSWER- difficult or labored breathing
Ischemia - CORRECT ANSWER- A deprivation of oxygen caused by a greatly
reduced or interrupted blood flow
Infarction - CORRECT ANSWER- area of dead tissue caused by lack of blood
Mediastinal shift - CORRECT ANSWER- In a tension pneumothorax causes airflow
to move to only the unaffected lung
Nocturia - CORRECT ANSWER- urination at night
Dysuria - CORRECT ANSWER- Painful or difficult urination
Obstructive sleep apnea - CORRECT ANSWER- Airway is blocked and air does not
move through during sleep. Multiple interruptions of breathing per night due to and
upper airway obstruction
Orthopnea - CORRECT ANSWER- Inability to breathe when in a reclining position
Pleural Effusion - CORRECT ANSWER- a buildup of fluid between the ribs and the
lungs in the pleural space
Tx Drain fluid from space
Pulmonary edema - CORRECT ANSWER- a buildup of fluid in the interstitial tissue
of the lung. Cannot be drained
Petechiae - CORRECT ANSWER- Pinpoint Red pricks on the skin
Purpura - CORRECT ANSWER- bruise-like blotches on the skin
Bleeding Times - CORRECT ANSWER- anticoagulants
PT Coumadin
PTT Heparin
Acquired Immunity types - CORRECT ANSWER- Naturally Acquired
Passively-mother's milk
,Actively-infected with pathogen
Artificially Acquired
Passively-vaccine
Actively-Serum gamma globulin
Actinic Keratosis - CORRECT ANSWER- Premalignant lesion from sun exposure
that can → squamous cell carcinoma.
Adrenal Gland Abnormalities - CORRECT ANSWER- Addison's
Disease→Hyposecretion of Adrenal Cortical
Cushing's Disease→Hypersecretion of Adrenal Cortical
Pheochromocytoma→Hypersecretion of catecholamines
Angioma - CORRECT ANSWER- benign tumors derived from cells of the vascular or
lymphatic vessel walls (endothelium) or derived from cells of the tissues surrounding
these vessels
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER- Starts with Acute lung
injury/insult (ALI)
First Stage→Respiratory Alkalosis→hyperventilation
Intermediate stage→ACIDOSIS Respiratory→ hypoventilation and Metabolic K⁺ cell
breakdown
Intermediate stage→PULMONARY EDEMA →cell breakdown turns on inflammatory
response
Intermediate state→BLOOD CLOTTING platelets responds to inflammation further
blocking perfusion
Late stage→RESPIRATORY FAILURE continued acidosis
Autonomic Dysreflexia - CORRECT ANSWER- is an abnormal cardiovascular
response to stimulation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system;
occurs as a result of stimulation of the bladder, large intestine, or other visceral organs
not being able to send correct signals
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) - CORRECT ANSWER- Nonmalignant
enlargement of the prostate gland. Age-related but otherwise unknown etiology.
Frequency, urgency, straining to void, decreased urine stream, incontinence,
impotence, palpable prostate, nocturia. Can give a false-positive PSA test
TURP - CORRECT ANSWER- Transurethral Resection of the Prostate an
instrument is inserted up the urethra to remove the section of the prostate that is
blocking urine flow in BPH
Blood Components - CORRECT ANSWER- Myeloid Cells Bone
RBC Kidney Erythropoietin
WBC Thymus T-lymphocytes
Platelets Liver Thrombopoietin
, RBC - CORRECT ANSWER- provide oxygen
WBC - CORRECT ANSWER- Granulocytes
Basophils-allergic reaction Histamines
Eosinophils-allergy and parasites
Neutrophil
Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes-B and T-(timely)
Monocytes→Macrophages→ phagocytosis
Platelets - CORRECT ANSWER- Thrombocytes→ Clotting
Burn Treatment - CORRECT ANSWER- Give Hypertonic fluid to prevent
hypervolemia
Watch for fluid overload due to sudden improvement give hypotonic to provide tissue
with fluid
Give Electrolytes that were lost
Cardiogenic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER- Myocardial damage that causes the
heart to fail to pump blood sufficiently to meet the body's demand.
Cells of Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER- endothelial, platelet, leukocytes
Endothelial Cells of Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER- line the blood vessels -
Produces chemicals that
a. vasodilate or vasoconstrict
b. cause blood thinning/prevent clotting (to keep vein open)
c. allow entrance/exit into and out of the blood vessel (vessel wall permeability)
d. control inflammatory mediators
Platelets of Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER- thrombocytes
a. Responsible for blood coagulation/clotting
b. Platelets release of over 300 potent inflammatory mediators
Leukocytes of Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER- They are the major cellular
component of the inflammatory response
The term "LEUKOCYTOSIS" means a higher than normal production of White Blood
Cells (usually neutrophils) in the blood, and is a common indicator of inflammation and
infection.
WBCs are classified as either GRANULOCYTES or AGRANULOCYTES
Types of Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) - CORRECT ANSWER- Ischemic
Throbmitic CVA
Ischemic Embolic CVA
Hemorrhagic CVA
With Answer
Specific gravity - CORRECT ANSWER- 1.010-1.030
Troponin - CORRECT ANSWER- Elevated only up to 12 hr. after M.I.
Dyspnea - CORRECT ANSWER- difficult or labored breathing
Ischemia - CORRECT ANSWER- A deprivation of oxygen caused by a greatly
reduced or interrupted blood flow
Infarction - CORRECT ANSWER- area of dead tissue caused by lack of blood
Mediastinal shift - CORRECT ANSWER- In a tension pneumothorax causes airflow
to move to only the unaffected lung
Nocturia - CORRECT ANSWER- urination at night
Dysuria - CORRECT ANSWER- Painful or difficult urination
Obstructive sleep apnea - CORRECT ANSWER- Airway is blocked and air does not
move through during sleep. Multiple interruptions of breathing per night due to and
upper airway obstruction
Orthopnea - CORRECT ANSWER- Inability to breathe when in a reclining position
Pleural Effusion - CORRECT ANSWER- a buildup of fluid between the ribs and the
lungs in the pleural space
Tx Drain fluid from space
Pulmonary edema - CORRECT ANSWER- a buildup of fluid in the interstitial tissue
of the lung. Cannot be drained
Petechiae - CORRECT ANSWER- Pinpoint Red pricks on the skin
Purpura - CORRECT ANSWER- bruise-like blotches on the skin
Bleeding Times - CORRECT ANSWER- anticoagulants
PT Coumadin
PTT Heparin
Acquired Immunity types - CORRECT ANSWER- Naturally Acquired
Passively-mother's milk
,Actively-infected with pathogen
Artificially Acquired
Passively-vaccine
Actively-Serum gamma globulin
Actinic Keratosis - CORRECT ANSWER- Premalignant lesion from sun exposure
that can → squamous cell carcinoma.
Adrenal Gland Abnormalities - CORRECT ANSWER- Addison's
Disease→Hyposecretion of Adrenal Cortical
Cushing's Disease→Hypersecretion of Adrenal Cortical
Pheochromocytoma→Hypersecretion of catecholamines
Angioma - CORRECT ANSWER- benign tumors derived from cells of the vascular or
lymphatic vessel walls (endothelium) or derived from cells of the tissues surrounding
these vessels
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER- Starts with Acute lung
injury/insult (ALI)
First Stage→Respiratory Alkalosis→hyperventilation
Intermediate stage→ACIDOSIS Respiratory→ hypoventilation and Metabolic K⁺ cell
breakdown
Intermediate stage→PULMONARY EDEMA →cell breakdown turns on inflammatory
response
Intermediate state→BLOOD CLOTTING platelets responds to inflammation further
blocking perfusion
Late stage→RESPIRATORY FAILURE continued acidosis
Autonomic Dysreflexia - CORRECT ANSWER- is an abnormal cardiovascular
response to stimulation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system;
occurs as a result of stimulation of the bladder, large intestine, or other visceral organs
not being able to send correct signals
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) - CORRECT ANSWER- Nonmalignant
enlargement of the prostate gland. Age-related but otherwise unknown etiology.
Frequency, urgency, straining to void, decreased urine stream, incontinence,
impotence, palpable prostate, nocturia. Can give a false-positive PSA test
TURP - CORRECT ANSWER- Transurethral Resection of the Prostate an
instrument is inserted up the urethra to remove the section of the prostate that is
blocking urine flow in BPH
Blood Components - CORRECT ANSWER- Myeloid Cells Bone
RBC Kidney Erythropoietin
WBC Thymus T-lymphocytes
Platelets Liver Thrombopoietin
, RBC - CORRECT ANSWER- provide oxygen
WBC - CORRECT ANSWER- Granulocytes
Basophils-allergic reaction Histamines
Eosinophils-allergy and parasites
Neutrophil
Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes-B and T-(timely)
Monocytes→Macrophages→ phagocytosis
Platelets - CORRECT ANSWER- Thrombocytes→ Clotting
Burn Treatment - CORRECT ANSWER- Give Hypertonic fluid to prevent
hypervolemia
Watch for fluid overload due to sudden improvement give hypotonic to provide tissue
with fluid
Give Electrolytes that were lost
Cardiogenic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER- Myocardial damage that causes the
heart to fail to pump blood sufficiently to meet the body's demand.
Cells of Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER- endothelial, platelet, leukocytes
Endothelial Cells of Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER- line the blood vessels -
Produces chemicals that
a. vasodilate or vasoconstrict
b. cause blood thinning/prevent clotting (to keep vein open)
c. allow entrance/exit into and out of the blood vessel (vessel wall permeability)
d. control inflammatory mediators
Platelets of Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER- thrombocytes
a. Responsible for blood coagulation/clotting
b. Platelets release of over 300 potent inflammatory mediators
Leukocytes of Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER- They are the major cellular
component of the inflammatory response
The term "LEUKOCYTOSIS" means a higher than normal production of White Blood
Cells (usually neutrophils) in the blood, and is a common indicator of inflammation and
infection.
WBCs are classified as either GRANULOCYTES or AGRANULOCYTES
Types of Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) - CORRECT ANSWER- Ischemic
Throbmitic CVA
Ischemic Embolic CVA
Hemorrhagic CVA
