NUR 3112 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
What components are required for a patient to give consent to a procedure? (Select all that
apply)
A. The patient understands the procedure.
B. The benefits are explained by the surgeon.
C. The surgeon coerces the patient to give consent. D. The risks are not disclosed to the patient.
E. Alternative treatment options are disclosed. - ANS A,B,E
Rationale: The surgeon must provide benefits, risks, and alternative treatment options for the
procedure/surgery before the nurse obtains consent. Coercion cannot occur for the patient
must voluntarily give consent. Patient comprehension is a requirement for consent.
A preoperative patient expresses anxiety about upcoming surgery. Which response by the
nurse is most likely to stimulate further discussion?
A. "I will be happy to explain the entire surgical procedure with you."
B. "Everyone is nervous before surgery."
C. "Can you share with me what you've been told about surgery?"
D. "Let me tell you about postoperative care and the amount of pain you can anticipate." -
ANS C
Rationale: Open-ended questions help to stimulate further discussion. Reasons for anxiety can
be multiple, such as unpleasant interactions with health care providers, uncontrolled pain,
anesthesia reactions, and other post-operative complications. Plan of care can be individualized
once the nurse understands the patient's source of anxiety.
Which task would be most appropriate for the nurse to delegate to the unlicensed personnel?
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,A. Complete the preoperative checklist.
B. Assess the patient's preoperative vital signs.
C. Teach the patient about coughing and deep breathing.
D. Assist the patient to remove clothing and jewelry. - ANS D
The nurse provided preoperative teaching for a patient. The patient has a history of arthritis
and takes aspirin daily. The nurse determines that the patient needs additional teaching if the
patient makes which statement?
A. "Aspirin can cause abnormal blood clotting."
B. "Aspirin can cause bleeding after surgery."
C. "I need to continue to take aspirin until my surgery day."
D. "I need to check with my doctor about when to stop taking aspirin prior to surgery." -
ANS C
Rationale: Aspirin is an antiplatelet, which is abnormal blood clotting and can cause bleeding
after surgery. The patient's physician will determine when to stop aspirin and ideally aspirin
would be stopped 10 days prior to surgery. Continuing aspirin to the surgery date puts the
patient at risk for bleeding during surgery, thus determining that the patient would need further
education.
The nurse must obtain surgical consent forms for the scheduled surgery. Which patient(s) would
not be able to consent legally to surgery? (Select all that apply).
A. 65-year-old who cannot read nor write.
B. 80-year-old who is not oriented to place or situation.
C. 30-year-old who does not understand English.
D. 98-year-old who understands the procedure.
E. 6-year-old who has a fractured ankle. - ANS B, E
Rationale: The patient that cannot read nor write can still provide consent. The consent form
can be red to the patient and the surgeon would make sure all surgical questions are answered.
Patients who are not alert and oriented cannot provide consent, so the medical power of
attorney or next of kin would provide consent for the procedure. The patient who does not
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 63
,understand English needs a certified interpreter to provide surgical consent. Patients must
understand the procedure before giving consent. Patients under the age of 18 cannot provide
consent, therefore the legal guardian or parent would give consent.
What components are required for a patient to give consent to a procedure? (Select all that
apply)
A. The patient understands the procedure.
B. The benefits are explained by the surgeon.
C. The surgeon coerces the patient to give consent.
D. The risks are not disclosed to the patient.
E. Alternative treatment options are disclosed. - ANS A. The patient needs to comprehend
what will occur with the procedure.
B. Benefits and risks need to be disclosed. The surgeon is responsible for this.
E. In addition to risks and benefits, alternative treatment options need to be disclosed to the
patient. Failure to provide all treatment options is unethical and deemed to be coercion.
What preoperative diagnostic and laboratory tests would be appropriate for a patient with
heart failure? SATA
A. Echocardiogram
B. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
C. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
D. Renal Ultrasound
E. Chest Xray - ANS a. Patients who have heart issues need a further cardiac workup which
includes an echocardiogram. This provides us with useful information such as the patient's
ejection fraction, which is useful for heart failure patients.
b. Patients who have heart issues need a further cardiac workup which includes an
electrocardiogram. This provides information concerning heart rate and rhythm.
c. BNP correlates with left-ventricular pressures, thus a good indicator for heart failure. The
higher the BNP level, the increase in heart failure severity.
e. Chest x-ray would provide information such as pulmonary edema, which can be a result of
heart failure.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 63
, A common reason that a nurse may need extra time when preparing older adults for surgery is
their:
A. ineffective coping
B. limited adaptation to stress
C. diminished vision and hearing
D. Need to include caregivers in activities - ANS C. As patients get older, several types of
vision changes can occur, such as age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, glaucoma, etc.
Hearing also changes with age. Age-related hearing loss is called presbycusis.
The nurse is monitoring a patient who is receiving epidural anesthesia. What epidural
complication causes hypotension and bradycardia?
a. Blockade of motor nerve fibers
b. Blockade of sensory nerve fibers
c. Blockade of sympathetic nerve fibers
d. Blockade of parasympathetic nerve fibers - ANS C. The sympathetic nervous system is the
"flight or fight" response, which causes tachycardia and hypertension. Blockade of this response
would cause a parasympathetic response, resulting in bradycardia and hypotension.
The patient provides document specifying his wishes if is he is unable to do so. What is this
document called?
A. Informed Consent
B. Insurance Card
C. Patient's Bill of Rights
D. Advanced Directive - ANS D. Advanced Directive
Which patient is at greatest risk for surgery?
A. 18 year old boy taking lorazepam
B. 58 year old man taking atenolol
C. 73 year old woman taking an analgesic
D. 35 year old woman taking warfarin - ANS D. 35 year old woman taking warfarin
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 4 OF 63
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
What components are required for a patient to give consent to a procedure? (Select all that
apply)
A. The patient understands the procedure.
B. The benefits are explained by the surgeon.
C. The surgeon coerces the patient to give consent. D. The risks are not disclosed to the patient.
E. Alternative treatment options are disclosed. - ANS A,B,E
Rationale: The surgeon must provide benefits, risks, and alternative treatment options for the
procedure/surgery before the nurse obtains consent. Coercion cannot occur for the patient
must voluntarily give consent. Patient comprehension is a requirement for consent.
A preoperative patient expresses anxiety about upcoming surgery. Which response by the
nurse is most likely to stimulate further discussion?
A. "I will be happy to explain the entire surgical procedure with you."
B. "Everyone is nervous before surgery."
C. "Can you share with me what you've been told about surgery?"
D. "Let me tell you about postoperative care and the amount of pain you can anticipate." -
ANS C
Rationale: Open-ended questions help to stimulate further discussion. Reasons for anxiety can
be multiple, such as unpleasant interactions with health care providers, uncontrolled pain,
anesthesia reactions, and other post-operative complications. Plan of care can be individualized
once the nurse understands the patient's source of anxiety.
Which task would be most appropriate for the nurse to delegate to the unlicensed personnel?
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 63
,A. Complete the preoperative checklist.
B. Assess the patient's preoperative vital signs.
C. Teach the patient about coughing and deep breathing.
D. Assist the patient to remove clothing and jewelry. - ANS D
The nurse provided preoperative teaching for a patient. The patient has a history of arthritis
and takes aspirin daily. The nurse determines that the patient needs additional teaching if the
patient makes which statement?
A. "Aspirin can cause abnormal blood clotting."
B. "Aspirin can cause bleeding after surgery."
C. "I need to continue to take aspirin until my surgery day."
D. "I need to check with my doctor about when to stop taking aspirin prior to surgery." -
ANS C
Rationale: Aspirin is an antiplatelet, which is abnormal blood clotting and can cause bleeding
after surgery. The patient's physician will determine when to stop aspirin and ideally aspirin
would be stopped 10 days prior to surgery. Continuing aspirin to the surgery date puts the
patient at risk for bleeding during surgery, thus determining that the patient would need further
education.
The nurse must obtain surgical consent forms for the scheduled surgery. Which patient(s) would
not be able to consent legally to surgery? (Select all that apply).
A. 65-year-old who cannot read nor write.
B. 80-year-old who is not oriented to place or situation.
C. 30-year-old who does not understand English.
D. 98-year-old who understands the procedure.
E. 6-year-old who has a fractured ankle. - ANS B, E
Rationale: The patient that cannot read nor write can still provide consent. The consent form
can be red to the patient and the surgeon would make sure all surgical questions are answered.
Patients who are not alert and oriented cannot provide consent, so the medical power of
attorney or next of kin would provide consent for the procedure. The patient who does not
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 63
,understand English needs a certified interpreter to provide surgical consent. Patients must
understand the procedure before giving consent. Patients under the age of 18 cannot provide
consent, therefore the legal guardian or parent would give consent.
What components are required for a patient to give consent to a procedure? (Select all that
apply)
A. The patient understands the procedure.
B. The benefits are explained by the surgeon.
C. The surgeon coerces the patient to give consent.
D. The risks are not disclosed to the patient.
E. Alternative treatment options are disclosed. - ANS A. The patient needs to comprehend
what will occur with the procedure.
B. Benefits and risks need to be disclosed. The surgeon is responsible for this.
E. In addition to risks and benefits, alternative treatment options need to be disclosed to the
patient. Failure to provide all treatment options is unethical and deemed to be coercion.
What preoperative diagnostic and laboratory tests would be appropriate for a patient with
heart failure? SATA
A. Echocardiogram
B. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
C. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
D. Renal Ultrasound
E. Chest Xray - ANS a. Patients who have heart issues need a further cardiac workup which
includes an echocardiogram. This provides us with useful information such as the patient's
ejection fraction, which is useful for heart failure patients.
b. Patients who have heart issues need a further cardiac workup which includes an
electrocardiogram. This provides information concerning heart rate and rhythm.
c. BNP correlates with left-ventricular pressures, thus a good indicator for heart failure. The
higher the BNP level, the increase in heart failure severity.
e. Chest x-ray would provide information such as pulmonary edema, which can be a result of
heart failure.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 63
, A common reason that a nurse may need extra time when preparing older adults for surgery is
their:
A. ineffective coping
B. limited adaptation to stress
C. diminished vision and hearing
D. Need to include caregivers in activities - ANS C. As patients get older, several types of
vision changes can occur, such as age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, glaucoma, etc.
Hearing also changes with age. Age-related hearing loss is called presbycusis.
The nurse is monitoring a patient who is receiving epidural anesthesia. What epidural
complication causes hypotension and bradycardia?
a. Blockade of motor nerve fibers
b. Blockade of sensory nerve fibers
c. Blockade of sympathetic nerve fibers
d. Blockade of parasympathetic nerve fibers - ANS C. The sympathetic nervous system is the
"flight or fight" response, which causes tachycardia and hypertension. Blockade of this response
would cause a parasympathetic response, resulting in bradycardia and hypotension.
The patient provides document specifying his wishes if is he is unable to do so. What is this
document called?
A. Informed Consent
B. Insurance Card
C. Patient's Bill of Rights
D. Advanced Directive - ANS D. Advanced Directive
Which patient is at greatest risk for surgery?
A. 18 year old boy taking lorazepam
B. 58 year old man taking atenolol
C. 73 year old woman taking an analgesic
D. 35 year old woman taking warfarin - ANS D. 35 year old woman taking warfarin
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 4 OF 63
