NSG 3600 - PEDIATIC HEALTH EXAM 2
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
VERIFIED.
Fetal Circulation Structures: - ANS — umbilical vein (1)/umbilical arteries (2)
— foramen ovale
— ductus arteriosus
— ductus venosus
Pediatric Cardiac Disease Prevention: - ANS — no smoking
— no alcohol consumption
— good prenatal care
— folic acid
— identify risk factors
— familial history of cardiac defects
Pediatric Indicators of cardiac dysfunction - ANS — Poor feeding
— Tachypnea/tachycardia
— Failure to thrive/poor weight gain
— Activity intolerance
— Developmental delays
— +Prenatal history
— +Family history of cardiac disease
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 28
,Cardiac output = - ANS heart rate x stroke volume
Goals of therapy for heart disease - ANS Decrease preload & afterload
Increase contractility
A shunt is: - ANS Blood flowing through an opening between two structures or vessels of the
heart
A murmur is: - ANS A sound heard when listening to the heart; it reflects flow of blood within
the heart
An "innocent murmur" is - ANS Normal cardiac anatomy and function
A "thrill" is - ANS A soft vibration over the heart that reflects the transmitted sound of a heart
murmur
Children have a ___________ ability to increase stroke volume in response to ______________
cardiac output - ANS Limited/decreased
Blood flow through the heart - ANS 1-Superior & Inferior Vena Cava
2-Rt Atrium
3-Tricuspid Valve (atrioventricular-AV valve)
4- Rt Ventricle
5-Pulmonary Valve (tricuspid/semilunar)
6-Pulmonary Artery
7- Lungs-pick up oxygen
8-Pulmonary Veins
9- Lt Atrium
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 28
, 10- Mitral Valve (Bicuspid) (atrioventricular AV valve)
11-Lt Ventricle
12- Aortic Valve (tricuspid/semilunar)
13-Aorta
14- Body
Types of cardiac defects - ANS congenital and acquired
Congenital heart defect (CHD) is - ANS Anatomic abnormalities in the heart
Present at birth (may not be diagnosed immediately)
Acquired cardiac defect - ANS Infection, autoimmune response, environmental factors and
familiar tendencies
Congestive heart failure (CHF): - ANS Inability of the heart to perform its function of pumping
blood forward
Causes of CHF: - ANS CHD, dysrhythmias, cardiomyopathy and Kawasaki's
CHF clinical manifestations: - ANS Impaired myocardial function
Pulmonary congestion
Systemic venous congestion
Impaired myocardial function presents as - ANS Tachycardia, fatigue, weakness, restless, pale,
cool extremities, decreased BP, decreased urine output
Pulmonary congestion presents as: - ANS Tachypnea, dyspnea, respiratory distress, exercise
intolerance, cyanosis
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 28
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
VERIFIED.
Fetal Circulation Structures: - ANS — umbilical vein (1)/umbilical arteries (2)
— foramen ovale
— ductus arteriosus
— ductus venosus
Pediatric Cardiac Disease Prevention: - ANS — no smoking
— no alcohol consumption
— good prenatal care
— folic acid
— identify risk factors
— familial history of cardiac defects
Pediatric Indicators of cardiac dysfunction - ANS — Poor feeding
— Tachypnea/tachycardia
— Failure to thrive/poor weight gain
— Activity intolerance
— Developmental delays
— +Prenatal history
— +Family history of cardiac disease
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 28
,Cardiac output = - ANS heart rate x stroke volume
Goals of therapy for heart disease - ANS Decrease preload & afterload
Increase contractility
A shunt is: - ANS Blood flowing through an opening between two structures or vessels of the
heart
A murmur is: - ANS A sound heard when listening to the heart; it reflects flow of blood within
the heart
An "innocent murmur" is - ANS Normal cardiac anatomy and function
A "thrill" is - ANS A soft vibration over the heart that reflects the transmitted sound of a heart
murmur
Children have a ___________ ability to increase stroke volume in response to ______________
cardiac output - ANS Limited/decreased
Blood flow through the heart - ANS 1-Superior & Inferior Vena Cava
2-Rt Atrium
3-Tricuspid Valve (atrioventricular-AV valve)
4- Rt Ventricle
5-Pulmonary Valve (tricuspid/semilunar)
6-Pulmonary Artery
7- Lungs-pick up oxygen
8-Pulmonary Veins
9- Lt Atrium
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 28
, 10- Mitral Valve (Bicuspid) (atrioventricular AV valve)
11-Lt Ventricle
12- Aortic Valve (tricuspid/semilunar)
13-Aorta
14- Body
Types of cardiac defects - ANS congenital and acquired
Congenital heart defect (CHD) is - ANS Anatomic abnormalities in the heart
Present at birth (may not be diagnosed immediately)
Acquired cardiac defect - ANS Infection, autoimmune response, environmental factors and
familiar tendencies
Congestive heart failure (CHF): - ANS Inability of the heart to perform its function of pumping
blood forward
Causes of CHF: - ANS CHD, dysrhythmias, cardiomyopathy and Kawasaki's
CHF clinical manifestations: - ANS Impaired myocardial function
Pulmonary congestion
Systemic venous congestion
Impaired myocardial function presents as - ANS Tachycardia, fatigue, weakness, restless, pale,
cool extremities, decreased BP, decreased urine output
Pulmonary congestion presents as: - ANS Tachypnea, dyspnea, respiratory distress, exercise
intolerance, cyanosis
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 28
