NSG 5140 MIDTERM EXAM (SOUTH COLLEGE)
NEWEST 2026 TEST BANK| NSG5140 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MID -TERM EXAM REVIEW
WITH COMPLETE 300 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED
A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
what symptom suggest progression from latent TB to active TB -
ANSWER - chronic cough and weight loss
TB transmitted through - ANSWER - airborne droplets
AIDS diagnostic criteria - ANSWER - CD4 < 200, HIV+ with AIDS-
defining illness
What condition automatic dx of AIDs - ANSWER - Opportunistic
infections like PCP, Kaposi's Sarcoma or Pneumocystis Jirovecii
pneumonia
HIV primarily targets CD4 T-cells - ANSWER - leading to a cascade of
immune system failure.
Legionnaire's disease affects the - ANSWER - Respiratory system
pg. 1
,Legionella - ANSWER - transmitted through contaminated water
aerosols
who is highest risk for Legionnaires - ANSWER - Advanced age,
smoker, and immunocompromised
hallmark symptom of Legionnaires - ANSWER - high fever and
pneumonia, Gi symptoms, hyponatremia
amox rash in mono patients - ANSWER - d/t immune complex reaction
b/w mono and amoxicillin
Normal PaCO2 - ANSWER - PaCO2 35-45 mmHg
Tachypnea's effect on PaCO2 - ANSWER - decreases it; blows off CO2
leading to respiratory alkalosis
Bradypnea's effect on PaCO2 - ANSWER - hypercapnea; causes CO2
retention
most common cause of COPD - ANSWER - smoking
Asthma is described as - ANSWER - reversible airway inflammation
pg. 2
,COPD involves - ANSWER - chronic inflammation and air trapping
key difference between asthma and COPD is that asthma - ANSWER -
has reversible airflow limitation
test that confirms COPD - ANSWER - PFTs (Pulmonary Function Test)
FEV1 measures - ANSWER - forced expiratory volume in 1 second
FVC - ANSWER - Forced vital capacity, total air exhaled.
Decrease FEV1/FVC suggests - ANSWER - obstructive disease
which condition shows reduced FEV1 with a normal FVC - ANSWER -
asthma
COPD patients oftern retain CO2 due to - ANSWER - hypoventilation
findings in advanced COPD - ANSWER - respiratory acidosis ; chronic
CO2 retention lowers pH
population most affected by COPD - ANSWER - older smokers
pg. 3
, Asthma triggers - ANSWER - Allergens, smoke, cold air, exercise, and
inhalation of irritants
Bronchodilators improve asthma by - ANSWER - relaxing smooth
muscle
In asthma, airway narrowing results from: - ANSWER -
bronchoconstriction and inflammation
ABG pattern seen in acute asthma exacerbation - ANSWER -
Respiratory alkalosis from hyperinflation
hallmark of COPD exacerbations - ANSWER - increased sputum
production
Restrictive lung dz affects - ANSWER - lung expansion
what condition is considered restrictive - ANSWER - pulmonary
fibrosis; fibrosis stiffens lungs
hypercapnia results from - ANSWER - hypoventilation; CO2 retention
chronic hypoxia leads to what complications - ANSWER - polycythemia
d/t stimulation of RBC production
pg. 4
NEWEST 2026 TEST BANK| NSG5140 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MID -TERM EXAM REVIEW
WITH COMPLETE 300 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED
A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
what symptom suggest progression from latent TB to active TB -
ANSWER - chronic cough and weight loss
TB transmitted through - ANSWER - airborne droplets
AIDS diagnostic criteria - ANSWER - CD4 < 200, HIV+ with AIDS-
defining illness
What condition automatic dx of AIDs - ANSWER - Opportunistic
infections like PCP, Kaposi's Sarcoma or Pneumocystis Jirovecii
pneumonia
HIV primarily targets CD4 T-cells - ANSWER - leading to a cascade of
immune system failure.
Legionnaire's disease affects the - ANSWER - Respiratory system
pg. 1
,Legionella - ANSWER - transmitted through contaminated water
aerosols
who is highest risk for Legionnaires - ANSWER - Advanced age,
smoker, and immunocompromised
hallmark symptom of Legionnaires - ANSWER - high fever and
pneumonia, Gi symptoms, hyponatremia
amox rash in mono patients - ANSWER - d/t immune complex reaction
b/w mono and amoxicillin
Normal PaCO2 - ANSWER - PaCO2 35-45 mmHg
Tachypnea's effect on PaCO2 - ANSWER - decreases it; blows off CO2
leading to respiratory alkalosis
Bradypnea's effect on PaCO2 - ANSWER - hypercapnea; causes CO2
retention
most common cause of COPD - ANSWER - smoking
Asthma is described as - ANSWER - reversible airway inflammation
pg. 2
,COPD involves - ANSWER - chronic inflammation and air trapping
key difference between asthma and COPD is that asthma - ANSWER -
has reversible airflow limitation
test that confirms COPD - ANSWER - PFTs (Pulmonary Function Test)
FEV1 measures - ANSWER - forced expiratory volume in 1 second
FVC - ANSWER - Forced vital capacity, total air exhaled.
Decrease FEV1/FVC suggests - ANSWER - obstructive disease
which condition shows reduced FEV1 with a normal FVC - ANSWER -
asthma
COPD patients oftern retain CO2 due to - ANSWER - hypoventilation
findings in advanced COPD - ANSWER - respiratory acidosis ; chronic
CO2 retention lowers pH
population most affected by COPD - ANSWER - older smokers
pg. 3
, Asthma triggers - ANSWER - Allergens, smoke, cold air, exercise, and
inhalation of irritants
Bronchodilators improve asthma by - ANSWER - relaxing smooth
muscle
In asthma, airway narrowing results from: - ANSWER -
bronchoconstriction and inflammation
ABG pattern seen in acute asthma exacerbation - ANSWER -
Respiratory alkalosis from hyperinflation
hallmark of COPD exacerbations - ANSWER - increased sputum
production
Restrictive lung dz affects - ANSWER - lung expansion
what condition is considered restrictive - ANSWER - pulmonary
fibrosis; fibrosis stiffens lungs
hypercapnia results from - ANSWER - hypoventilation; CO2 retention
chronic hypoxia leads to what complications - ANSWER - polycythemia
d/t stimulation of RBC production
pg. 4
