Intro to Nursing Research
Final Exam 2026 | Study
Guide, Questions &
Answers
with Rationales
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Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
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Rationales
Included
, evidence hierchies involve ranking evidence sources according to the strength of evidence they
provide, can depend on what type of question is being asked, systemic reviews
are at the pinnacle of the hierarchy
systemic review integrate evidence about a topic in a rigorous way, highest level of evidence
meta-analysis technique for integrating quantitative research findings statistically
metasynthesis less about reducing information and more about interpreting it
highest level of evidence systemic review, level 1
single RCT level 2 for therapy questions AND etiology question
single non-randomized trial quasi experimental, there is no random assignment, considered below single RCT
on evidence hierarchy
single prospective/ cohort study level 2 for prognosis questions and for diagnosis questions, considered below
quasi experimental studies on evidence hierarchy
single cross-sectional study level 2 for descriptive quantitative questions, typically done as a survey,
correctly write a PICO question P- population (patients)
I- intervention (influence or exposure)
C- comparison
O- what are the outcomes you are wanting to know about
PICO question example on patients who are admitted to an acute care hospital setting, what effect does
hand washing have, in comparison to alcohol based sanitizer, on decreasing
infection risk?
IMRAD format of research articles introduction: research problem, research gaps, research question/hypothesis
Methods: description of sampling methods, operational definition of variables,
research design, statistical analysis plan
Results
Analysis
Discussion- implication of results, limitations of study
CONSORT checklist of information to include when reporting on a RANDOM TRIAL (think RT)
PRISMA the preferred reporting for system review and META-ANALYSIS (think MA)
operational definition of variable in quantitative studies, researchers must define concepts at the outset because
they must decide how the variables will be measured, operational definition
indicates what the researchers specifically must do to measure the concept and
collect needed information
research problem and question researchers begin by identifying an interesting research problem and formulating
a research question, the research question identifies what the study variables are
Final Exam 2026 | Study
Guide, Questions &
Answers
with Rationales
|Graded A+ | Guaranteed
success|
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
, evidence hierchies involve ranking evidence sources according to the strength of evidence they
provide, can depend on what type of question is being asked, systemic reviews
are at the pinnacle of the hierarchy
systemic review integrate evidence about a topic in a rigorous way, highest level of evidence
meta-analysis technique for integrating quantitative research findings statistically
metasynthesis less about reducing information and more about interpreting it
highest level of evidence systemic review, level 1
single RCT level 2 for therapy questions AND etiology question
single non-randomized trial quasi experimental, there is no random assignment, considered below single RCT
on evidence hierarchy
single prospective/ cohort study level 2 for prognosis questions and for diagnosis questions, considered below
quasi experimental studies on evidence hierarchy
single cross-sectional study level 2 for descriptive quantitative questions, typically done as a survey,
correctly write a PICO question P- population (patients)
I- intervention (influence or exposure)
C- comparison
O- what are the outcomes you are wanting to know about
PICO question example on patients who are admitted to an acute care hospital setting, what effect does
hand washing have, in comparison to alcohol based sanitizer, on decreasing
infection risk?
IMRAD format of research articles introduction: research problem, research gaps, research question/hypothesis
Methods: description of sampling methods, operational definition of variables,
research design, statistical analysis plan
Results
Analysis
Discussion- implication of results, limitations of study
CONSORT checklist of information to include when reporting on a RANDOM TRIAL (think RT)
PRISMA the preferred reporting for system review and META-ANALYSIS (think MA)
operational definition of variable in quantitative studies, researchers must define concepts at the outset because
they must decide how the variables will be measured, operational definition
indicates what the researchers specifically must do to measure the concept and
collect needed information
research problem and question researchers begin by identifying an interesting research problem and formulating
a research question, the research question identifies what the study variables are
