NR507/ NR 507 Midterm Exam (New 2026/ 2027 Update) Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and
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Verified Answers| 100% Correct | A Grade – Chamberlain f f f f f f f f f
1. 1. Which of the following is a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?
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● A. Contact dermatitis
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● B. Anaphylaxis
f
● C. SLE
f
● D. Rheumatic fever
f f
Answer: B f
Rationale: Anaphylaxis is mediated by IgE and mast cell degranulation, typical of Type I
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hypersensitivity.
f
2. 2. Select all that apply: Symptoms of left-sided heart failure include:
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● A. Dyspnea
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● B. Orthopnea
f
● C. Pedal edema
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● D. Crackles on auscultation
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Answer: A, B, D f f f
Rationale: Left-sided HF leads to pulmonary congestion causing dyspnea, orthopnea, and
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crackles; edema is seen in right-sided HF.
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3. 3. Which lab finding is most consistent with iron deficiency anemia?
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● A. High MCV
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● B. High ferritin
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● C. Low TIBC
f f
,● D. Low serum iron
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Answer: D f
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia typically shows low serum iron and elevated TIBC.
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4. 4. Which of the following conditions is associated with a restrictive pulmonary pattern?
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● A. Asthma f
● B. Emphysema
f
● C. ILD f
● D. Chronic bronchitis
f f
Answer: C f
Rationale: Interstitial lung disease causes fibrosis and decreased lung compliance, a hallmark
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of restrictive patterns.
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5. 5. Which hormone stimulates red blood cell production in response to hypoxia?
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● A. Renin f
● B. Aldosterone
f
● C. Erythropoietin
f
● D. Cortisol f
Answer: C f
Rationale: Erythropoietin, produced by the kidneys, stimulates RBC production in response to
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low oxygen.
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6. 6. What lab finding is consistent with megaloblastic anemia?
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● A. Low MCVf f
● B. High MCV
f f
,● C. Low reticulocyte count
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● D. High ferritin
f f
Answer: B f
Rationale: Megaloblastic anemia features high MCV due to impaired DNA synthesis.
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7. 7. Which pulmonary disorder is associated with decreased DLCO?
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● A. Asthma
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● B. Emphysema
f
● C. Chronic bronchitis
f f
● D. ILD f
Answer: B f
Rationale: Emphysema reduces alveolar surface area, decreasing DLCO.
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8. 8. Which pulmonary disorder is associated with decreased DLCO?
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● A. Asthma
f
● B. Emphysema
f
● C. Chronic bronchitis
f f
● D. ILD f
Answer: B f
Rationale: Emphysema reduces alveolar surface area, decreasing DLCO.
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9. 9. Select all that apply: Complications of chronic kidney disease include:
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● A. Anemia
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● B. Hyperphosphatemia
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, ● C. Increased erythropoietin
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● D. Secondary hyperparathyroidism
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Answer: A, B, D f f f
Rationale: CKD reduces erythropoietin production and vitamin D activation, leading to these
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complications.
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10. 10. Select all that apply: Risk factors for coronary artery disease include:
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● A. Smoking
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● B. Hypertension
f
● C. High HDL
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● D. Diabetes mellitus
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Answer: A, B, D f f f
Rationale: High HDL is protective; smoking, hypertension, and diabetes are risk factors.
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11. 11. What lab finding is consistent with megaloblastic anemia?
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● A. Low MCV
f f
● B. High MCV
f f
● C. Low reticulocyte count
f f f
● D. High ferritin
f f
Answer: B f
Rationale: Megaloblastic anemia features high MCV due to impaired DNA synthesis.
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12. 12. Which of the following is characteristic of Type IV hypersensitivity?
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● A. IgE-mediated
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● B. Complement activation
f f
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Verified Answers| 100% Correct | A Grade – Chamberlain f f f f f f f f f
1. 1. Which of the following is a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?
f f f f f f f f f f
● A. Contact dermatitis
f f
● B. Anaphylaxis
f
● C. SLE
f
● D. Rheumatic fever
f f
Answer: B f
Rationale: Anaphylaxis is mediated by IgE and mast cell degranulation, typical of Type I
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hypersensitivity.
f
2. 2. Select all that apply: Symptoms of left-sided heart failure include:
f f f f f f f f f f
● A. Dyspnea
f
● B. Orthopnea
f
● C. Pedal edema
f f
● D. Crackles on auscultation
f f f
Answer: A, B, D f f f
Rationale: Left-sided HF leads to pulmonary congestion causing dyspnea, orthopnea, and
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crackles; edema is seen in right-sided HF.
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3. 3. Which lab finding is most consistent with iron deficiency anemia?
f f f f f f f f f f
● A. High MCV
f f
● B. High ferritin
f f
● C. Low TIBC
f f
,● D. Low serum iron
f f f
Answer: D f
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia typically shows low serum iron and elevated TIBC.
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4. 4. Which of the following conditions is associated with a restrictive pulmonary pattern?
f f f f f f f f f f f f
● A. Asthma f
● B. Emphysema
f
● C. ILD f
● D. Chronic bronchitis
f f
Answer: C f
Rationale: Interstitial lung disease causes fibrosis and decreased lung compliance, a hallmark
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of restrictive patterns.
f f f
5. 5. Which hormone stimulates red blood cell production in response to hypoxia?
f f f f f f f f f f f
● A. Renin f
● B. Aldosterone
f
● C. Erythropoietin
f
● D. Cortisol f
Answer: C f
Rationale: Erythropoietin, produced by the kidneys, stimulates RBC production in response to
f f f f f f f f f f f
low oxygen.
f f
6. 6. What lab finding is consistent with megaloblastic anemia?
f f f f f f f f
● A. Low MCVf f
● B. High MCV
f f
,● C. Low reticulocyte count
f f f
● D. High ferritin
f f
Answer: B f
Rationale: Megaloblastic anemia features high MCV due to impaired DNA synthesis.
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7. 7. Which pulmonary disorder is associated with decreased DLCO?
f f f f f f f f
● A. Asthma
f
● B. Emphysema
f
● C. Chronic bronchitis
f f
● D. ILD f
Answer: B f
Rationale: Emphysema reduces alveolar surface area, decreasing DLCO.
f f f f f f f
8. 8. Which pulmonary disorder is associated with decreased DLCO?
f f f f f f f f
● A. Asthma
f
● B. Emphysema
f
● C. Chronic bronchitis
f f
● D. ILD f
Answer: B f
Rationale: Emphysema reduces alveolar surface area, decreasing DLCO.
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9. 9. Select all that apply: Complications of chronic kidney disease include:
f f f f f f f f f f
● A. Anemia
f
● B. Hyperphosphatemia
f
, ● C. Increased erythropoietin
f f
● D. Secondary hyperparathyroidism
f f
Answer: A, B, D f f f
Rationale: CKD reduces erythropoietin production and vitamin D activation, leading to these
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complications.
f
10. 10. Select all that apply: Risk factors for coronary artery disease include:
f f f f f f f f f f f
● A. Smoking
f
● B. Hypertension
f
● C. High HDL
f f
● D. Diabetes mellitus
f f
Answer: A, B, D f f f
Rationale: High HDL is protective; smoking, hypertension, and diabetes are risk factors.
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11. 11. What lab finding is consistent with megaloblastic anemia?
f f f f f f f f
● A. Low MCV
f f
● B. High MCV
f f
● C. Low reticulocyte count
f f f
● D. High ferritin
f f
Answer: B f
Rationale: Megaloblastic anemia features high MCV due to impaired DNA synthesis.
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12. 12. Which of the following is characteristic of Type IV hypersensitivity?
f f f f f f f f f f
● A. IgE-mediated
f
● B. Complement activation
f f
