BI 332 Human Physiology Lab- Lectures 4,
5 and 6 Test Practice 2026
1. What are the brain regions? Cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brainstem
2. What are the three primary ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
germ layers?
3. Neuron tissues are know as neurons/ neuroglia/ glia/ glial cells
4. What the the four non neu- Astrocytes cell
ron cells of the CNS? Ependymal cell
Microglial cell
Oligodendrocytes
5. Astrocytes cells (CNS) Maintain CEF and forms BBB
6. Ependymal cells (CNS) line cavities of the brain and spinal cord, circulate cerebrospinal
fluid
Produce CFS
7. Microgila (CNS) spider-like phagocytes, dispose of debris
8. Oligodendrocytes (CNS) Myelinate CNS axons; provide structural framework
9. What are the supporting Schwann cells and satellite cells
cells of the PNS?
10. Schwann cells (PNS) Form myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system
11. Satellite cells (PNS) Surround neuron cell bodies in PNS
Function similar to astrocytes of CNS
12. What is the brain barrier? It is is a tight, selective barrier created by interactions between
the astrocytes and blood capillaries (endothelial cells of blood
capillaries). For substances to cross the BBB they must go through
, BI 332 Human Physiology Lab- Lectures 4,
5 and 6 Test Practice 2026
cell membranes and connective tissue - fat soluble substances
dittuse easily, but water soluble must be allowed through protein
channels or carriers embedded in cell membranes.
13. blood brain barrier function protects brain, blocks chemicals and harmful substances, allows
antibodies and medicines
14. How did BBB form? It is formed by tight junction between endothelial cells
15. What kind of substance can Lipid-soluble compounds (O2, CO2), steroids, and prostaglandins
diffuse from this barrier
into the brain and spinal
cord?
16. Which glia controls the Astrocytes
BBB?
17. How dose astrocytes con- It controls the BBB by releasing that control permeability of en-
trol the BBB? dothelium
18. If you were to make a If the medication was small and fat soluble so that it could simply
drug that needed to target dittuse to cross the membrane, that would be ideal. If it was unable
neurons of the brain, what todo this, the either using transcytosis or paracytosis seem to be
properties would you want the least damaging to the BBB.
the drug to have?
19. brain ventricles Circulate cerebrospinal fluid throughout the brain.
Lined with ependymal cells
Connected to subarachnoid space
Order: Lateral (flows into) IIIrd (flows into) Cerebral aqueduct
(flows into) IVth.
, BI 332 Human Physiology Lab- Lectures 4,
5 and 6 Test Practice 2026
20. Where dose the CFS get Formed in the choroid plexus and reabsorbed in arachnoid gran-
formed and reabsorbed? ulations
21. What are the functions of Cushion CNS
CSF? Support brain ad spinal cord
Transport nutrient, wastes, and chemical messages
22. How do CSF and blood com- CFS has a very low amount of proteins, glucose, and cholesterol
pare? compared to blood.
23. The CSF found in Ventricles
24. What are the cranial dura mater (dural sinus), arachnoid mater (subarachnoid), pia
meninges? mater
25. The dural sinuses are locat- dura mater
ed in the
26. dural sinus function collect waste blood from the dura using jugular veins
27. right and left carotid arter- cerebral hemispheres
ies supply
28. right and left vertebral ar- cerebellum and brainstem
teries supply
29. True or false? All 4 ma- True
jor arteries are connected
through the circle of Willis
30. Which places lack the BBB? 1.Places where hormones need to enter blood stream: hypothal-
amus, posterior lobe of pituitary gland, pineal glands
5 and 6 Test Practice 2026
1. What are the brain regions? Cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brainstem
2. What are the three primary ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
germ layers?
3. Neuron tissues are know as neurons/ neuroglia/ glia/ glial cells
4. What the the four non neu- Astrocytes cell
ron cells of the CNS? Ependymal cell
Microglial cell
Oligodendrocytes
5. Astrocytes cells (CNS) Maintain CEF and forms BBB
6. Ependymal cells (CNS) line cavities of the brain and spinal cord, circulate cerebrospinal
fluid
Produce CFS
7. Microgila (CNS) spider-like phagocytes, dispose of debris
8. Oligodendrocytes (CNS) Myelinate CNS axons; provide structural framework
9. What are the supporting Schwann cells and satellite cells
cells of the PNS?
10. Schwann cells (PNS) Form myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system
11. Satellite cells (PNS) Surround neuron cell bodies in PNS
Function similar to astrocytes of CNS
12. What is the brain barrier? It is is a tight, selective barrier created by interactions between
the astrocytes and blood capillaries (endothelial cells of blood
capillaries). For substances to cross the BBB they must go through
, BI 332 Human Physiology Lab- Lectures 4,
5 and 6 Test Practice 2026
cell membranes and connective tissue - fat soluble substances
dittuse easily, but water soluble must be allowed through protein
channels or carriers embedded in cell membranes.
13. blood brain barrier function protects brain, blocks chemicals and harmful substances, allows
antibodies and medicines
14. How did BBB form? It is formed by tight junction between endothelial cells
15. What kind of substance can Lipid-soluble compounds (O2, CO2), steroids, and prostaglandins
diffuse from this barrier
into the brain and spinal
cord?
16. Which glia controls the Astrocytes
BBB?
17. How dose astrocytes con- It controls the BBB by releasing that control permeability of en-
trol the BBB? dothelium
18. If you were to make a If the medication was small and fat soluble so that it could simply
drug that needed to target dittuse to cross the membrane, that would be ideal. If it was unable
neurons of the brain, what todo this, the either using transcytosis or paracytosis seem to be
properties would you want the least damaging to the BBB.
the drug to have?
19. brain ventricles Circulate cerebrospinal fluid throughout the brain.
Lined with ependymal cells
Connected to subarachnoid space
Order: Lateral (flows into) IIIrd (flows into) Cerebral aqueduct
(flows into) IVth.
, BI 332 Human Physiology Lab- Lectures 4,
5 and 6 Test Practice 2026
20. Where dose the CFS get Formed in the choroid plexus and reabsorbed in arachnoid gran-
formed and reabsorbed? ulations
21. What are the functions of Cushion CNS
CSF? Support brain ad spinal cord
Transport nutrient, wastes, and chemical messages
22. How do CSF and blood com- CFS has a very low amount of proteins, glucose, and cholesterol
pare? compared to blood.
23. The CSF found in Ventricles
24. What are the cranial dura mater (dural sinus), arachnoid mater (subarachnoid), pia
meninges? mater
25. The dural sinuses are locat- dura mater
ed in the
26. dural sinus function collect waste blood from the dura using jugular veins
27. right and left carotid arter- cerebral hemispheres
ies supply
28. right and left vertebral ar- cerebellum and brainstem
teries supply
29. True or false? All 4 ma- True
jor arteries are connected
through the circle of Willis
30. Which places lack the BBB? 1.Places where hormones need to enter blood stream: hypothal-
amus, posterior lobe of pituitary gland, pineal glands
