WGU D431 FORENSICS EXAM TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Unlawful Access to Stored Communications (18 U.S.C. § 2701) - ✔✔This act covers
access to a facility through which electronic communication is provided or exceeding the
access that was authorized. It is broadly written to apply to a range of offenses.
Punishment can be up to 5 years in prison and fines for the first offense. The SCA
governs how investigators can obtain stored account records and contents from network
service providers, including Internet service providers ("ISPs"), telephone companies,
and cell phone service providers. SCA issues arise often in cases involving the Internet:
when investigators seek stored information concerning Internet accounts from providers
of Internet service.
✔✔The Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 - ✔✔Governs the privacy and
disclosure, access, and interception of content and traffic data related to electronic
communications.
✔✔The Computer Security Act of 1987 (CSA) - ✔✔Passed to improve the security and
privacy of sensitive information in federal computer systems. The law requires the
establishment of minimum acceptable security practices, creation of computer security
plans, and training of system users or owners of facilities that house sensitive
information.
✔✔The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 - ✔✔Allows for collection of
"foreign intelligence information" between foreign powers and agents of foreign powers
using physical and electronic surveillance. A warrant is issued by the FISA court for
actions under FISA.
✔✔The Child Protection and Sexual Predator Punishment Act of 1998 - ✔✔Requires
service providers that become aware of the storage or transmission of child
pornography to report it to law enforcement.
✔✔The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 - ✔✔Protects children 13 years
of age and under from the collection and use of their personal information by websites.
It replaces the Child Online Protection Act of 1988 (COPA), which was determined to be
unconstitutional.
✔✔The Communications Decency Act of 1996 - ✔✔Designed to protect persons 18
years of age and under from downloading or viewing material considered indecent. This
act has been subject to court cases that subsequently changed some definitions and
penalties.
✔✔The Telecommunications Act of 1996 - ✔✔Includes many provisions relative to the
privacy and disclosure of information in motion through and across telephony and
computer networks.
, ✔✔The Wireless Communications and Public Safety Act of 1999 - ✔✔Allows for
collection and use of "empty" communications, which means nonverbal and nontext
communications, such as GPS information.
✔✔The USA PATRIOT Act - ✔✔The primary law under which a wide variety of internet
and communications information content and metadata is currently collected. Provisions
exist within the Act to protect the identity and privacy of U.S. citizens.
✔✔The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - ✔✔Contains many provisions about
recordkeeping and destruction of electronic records relating to the management and
operation of publicly held companies.
✔✔18 USC 1030 Fraud and Related Activity in Connection with Computers - ✔✔This is
one of the most widely used laws in hacking cases. It covers a wide range of crimes
involving illicit access of any computer.
✔✔18 USC 1020 Fraud and Related Activity in Connection with Access Devices -
✔✔This is closely related to 1030 but covers access devices (such as routers).
✔✔The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) - ✔✔This controversial law was
enacted in 1998. It makes it a crime to publish methods or techniques to circumvent
copyright protection. It is controversial because it has been used against legitimate
researchers publishing research papers.
✔✔18 USC § 1028A Identity Theft and Aggravated Identity Theft - ✔✔As the name
suggests, this law targets any crime related to identity theft. It is often applied in stolen
credit card cases.
✔✔18 USC § 2251 Sexual Exploitation of Children - ✔✔This law covers a range of child
exploitation crimes and is often seen in child pornography cases. Related laws:
18 U.S.C. § 2260: Production of sexually explicit depictions of a minor for importation
into the United States
18 U.S.C. § 2252: Certain activities relating to material involving the sexual exploitation
of minors (possession, distribution, and receipt of child pornography)
18 U.S.C. § 2252A: Certain activities relating to material constituting or containing child
pornography
✔✔Security log - ✔✔This is probably the most important log from a forensics point of
view. It has both successful and unsuccessful login events. [anything about external
connections]
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Unlawful Access to Stored Communications (18 U.S.C. § 2701) - ✔✔This act covers
access to a facility through which electronic communication is provided or exceeding the
access that was authorized. It is broadly written to apply to a range of offenses.
Punishment can be up to 5 years in prison and fines for the first offense. The SCA
governs how investigators can obtain stored account records and contents from network
service providers, including Internet service providers ("ISPs"), telephone companies,
and cell phone service providers. SCA issues arise often in cases involving the Internet:
when investigators seek stored information concerning Internet accounts from providers
of Internet service.
✔✔The Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 - ✔✔Governs the privacy and
disclosure, access, and interception of content and traffic data related to electronic
communications.
✔✔The Computer Security Act of 1987 (CSA) - ✔✔Passed to improve the security and
privacy of sensitive information in federal computer systems. The law requires the
establishment of minimum acceptable security practices, creation of computer security
plans, and training of system users or owners of facilities that house sensitive
information.
✔✔The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 - ✔✔Allows for collection of
"foreign intelligence information" between foreign powers and agents of foreign powers
using physical and electronic surveillance. A warrant is issued by the FISA court for
actions under FISA.
✔✔The Child Protection and Sexual Predator Punishment Act of 1998 - ✔✔Requires
service providers that become aware of the storage or transmission of child
pornography to report it to law enforcement.
✔✔The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 - ✔✔Protects children 13 years
of age and under from the collection and use of their personal information by websites.
It replaces the Child Online Protection Act of 1988 (COPA), which was determined to be
unconstitutional.
✔✔The Communications Decency Act of 1996 - ✔✔Designed to protect persons 18
years of age and under from downloading or viewing material considered indecent. This
act has been subject to court cases that subsequently changed some definitions and
penalties.
✔✔The Telecommunications Act of 1996 - ✔✔Includes many provisions relative to the
privacy and disclosure of information in motion through and across telephony and
computer networks.
, ✔✔The Wireless Communications and Public Safety Act of 1999 - ✔✔Allows for
collection and use of "empty" communications, which means nonverbal and nontext
communications, such as GPS information.
✔✔The USA PATRIOT Act - ✔✔The primary law under which a wide variety of internet
and communications information content and metadata is currently collected. Provisions
exist within the Act to protect the identity and privacy of U.S. citizens.
✔✔The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - ✔✔Contains many provisions about
recordkeeping and destruction of electronic records relating to the management and
operation of publicly held companies.
✔✔18 USC 1030 Fraud and Related Activity in Connection with Computers - ✔✔This is
one of the most widely used laws in hacking cases. It covers a wide range of crimes
involving illicit access of any computer.
✔✔18 USC 1020 Fraud and Related Activity in Connection with Access Devices -
✔✔This is closely related to 1030 but covers access devices (such as routers).
✔✔The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) - ✔✔This controversial law was
enacted in 1998. It makes it a crime to publish methods or techniques to circumvent
copyright protection. It is controversial because it has been used against legitimate
researchers publishing research papers.
✔✔18 USC § 1028A Identity Theft and Aggravated Identity Theft - ✔✔As the name
suggests, this law targets any crime related to identity theft. It is often applied in stolen
credit card cases.
✔✔18 USC § 2251 Sexual Exploitation of Children - ✔✔This law covers a range of child
exploitation crimes and is often seen in child pornography cases. Related laws:
18 U.S.C. § 2260: Production of sexually explicit depictions of a minor for importation
into the United States
18 U.S.C. § 2252: Certain activities relating to material involving the sexual exploitation
of minors (possession, distribution, and receipt of child pornography)
18 U.S.C. § 2252A: Certain activities relating to material constituting or containing child
pornography
✔✔Security log - ✔✔This is probably the most important log from a forensics point of
view. It has both successful and unsuccessful login events. [anything about external
connections]
