LVN Term 1 Final Exam ACTUAL EXAM
2026/2027 | LVN Term 1 | Verified Q&A |
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NURSING FUNDAMENTALS / HISTORY / THEORIST — Questions 1–8
Q1: Florence Nightingale is best known for which contribution to nursing?
A. Developing the first nursing licensure examination
B. Establishing the environmental theory of nursing and founding modern nursing education [CORRECT]
C. Creating the first nursing union for workplace rights
D. Inventing the stethoscope for patient assessment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) is the founder of modern nursing. She established the
environmental theory, emphasizing that clean air, water, sanitation, light, and noise control promote
healing. She founded the first secular nursing school at St. Thomas' Hospital in London (1860) and used
statistical data to demonstrate the impact of sanitation on mortality rates during the Crimean War.
Q2: According to Virginia Henderson's definition, the unique function of the nurse is to:
A. Administer medications and treatments as ordered by the physician
B. Assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its
recovery that they would perform unaided if they had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge
[CORRECT]
C. Manage the hospital unit and supervise ancillary staff
D. Perform diagnostic procedures and interpret laboratory results
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Virginia Henderson defined nursing as assisting individuals to perform 14 basic needs
(breathing, eating, eliminating, moving, sleeping, dressing, maintaining body temperature, etc.) that
they would do independently if able. This definition emphasizes the nurse's role in supporting self-care
and promoting independence, not merely following orders (A), managing units (C), or performing
diagnostics (D).
,Q3: Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory identifies three nursing systems. Which system is used
when a patient is completely unable to perform self-care?
A. Supportive-educative system
B. Partly compensatory system
C. Wholly compensatory system [CORRECT]
D. Collaborative care system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Orem's three nursing systems are: wholly compensatory (nurse provides all care — patient is
unconscious, paralyzed, or severely debilitated); partly compensatory (nurse and patient share care
responsibilities); and supportive-educative (patient performs self-care with nursing support and
education). The wholly compensatory system is indicated when the patient cannot perform any self-care
activities.
Q4: The nursing process is a systematic method for delivering patient care. Which is the correct
sequence?
A. Planning, Implementation, Assessment, Diagnosis, Evaluation
B. Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation [CORRECT]
C. Diagnosis, Assessment, Planning, Evaluation, Implementation
D. Implementation, Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Evaluation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nursing process follows the ADPIE sequence: Assessment (collect data), Diagnosis
(identify problems), Planning (set goals and outcomes), Implementation (perform nursing actions),
Evaluation (determine if goals were met). Assessment is always first — no interventions should occur
without data collection. Evaluation is always last — determining effectiveness closes the cycle.
Q5: Maslow's hierarchy of needs places which need at the foundational level?
A. Self-esteem
B. Safety and security
C. Love and belonging
D. Physiological needs [CORRECT]
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy is structured as a pyramid: physiological needs (oxygen, water, food,
shelter, sleep, elimination) form the foundation and must be met before higher-level needs can be
addressed. The hierarchy progresses: physiological → safety/security → love/belonging → self-esteem
→ self-actualization. Nurses prioritize physiological needs first in patient care.
,Q6: An LVN is caring for a patient who is anxious about an upcoming surgery. The patient states, "I'm
afraid I won't wake up from the anesthesia." Which nursing response demonstrates therapeutic
communication?
A. "Don't worry, you'll be fine. The doctors know what they're doing."
B. "It sounds like you're feeling scared about the surgery. Can you tell me more about your concerns?"
[CORRECT]
C. "Lots of people have surgery every day without problems."
D. "You shouldn't think about that. Let's talk about something else."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Therapeutic communication involves active listening, empathy, and encouraging expression
of feelings. Restating the patient's emotion ("you're feeling scared") and using an open-ended question
("tell me more") invites further discussion and builds trust. Non-therapeutic responses include false
reassurance (A), minimizing (C), and changing the subject (D) — these block communication and
invalidate the patient's feelings.
Q7: Which action by an LVN best demonstrates the implementation phase of the nursing process?
A. Collecting vital signs and documenting them in the chart
B. Identifying that the patient has impaired mobility
C. Repositioning the patient every 2 hours to prevent pressure injuries [CORRECT]
D. Determining whether the patient's pain has decreased after medication
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The implementation phase involves carrying out planned nursing interventions.
Repositioning every 2 hours is a direct nursing action that was planned during the planning phase.
Collecting vital signs (A) is assessment; identifying impaired mobility (B) is diagnosis; determining pain
reduction (D) is evaluation.
Q8: Erikson's stage of psychosocial development for a toddler (age 1–3 years) is:
A. Trust vs. mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt [CORRECT]
C. Initiative vs. guilt
D. Industry vs. inferiority
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Erikson's stages: Infancy (0–1): trust vs. mistrust; Toddler (1–3): autonomy vs. shame and
, doubt (developing independence); Preschool (3–6): initiative vs. guilt; School age (6–12): industry vs.
inferiority; Adolescence: identity vs. role confusion; Young adult: intimacy vs. isolation; Middle adult:
generativity vs. stagnation; Older adult: integrity vs. despair.
LEGAL & ETHICAL ISSUES — Questions 9–20
Q9: A patient is scheduled for surgery and must sign an informed consent form. Who is legally
responsible for obtaining informed consent?
A. The LVN caring for the patient
B. The physician or provider performing the procedure [CORRECT]
C. The unit secretary
D. The patient's family member
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Informed consent is a legal and ethical requirement that the physician or provider
performing the procedure must obtain. The provider must explain the procedure, risks, benefits,
alternatives, and potential outcomes in language the patient understands. The LVN's role is to witness
the signature (confirming the patient signed voluntarily and appears competent), not to obtain consent
or explain the procedure.
Q10: An LVN is asked to witness a patient's signature on an informed consent form. Which action is
correct?
A. Explain the surgical procedure and risks to the patient
B. Ensure the patient is competent, understands they are consenting to surgery, and signs voluntarily
[CORRECT]
C. Obtain the patient's signature without asking questions
D. Have the patient's family sign instead if the patient is anxious
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: As a witness, the LVN verifies three things: the patient is competent (alert, oriented, not
sedated), the patient understands they are consenting to a specific procedure, and the signature is
voluntary (not coerced). The LVN does not explain the procedure or risks (A) — that is the provider's
responsibility. Having family sign (D) violates patient autonomy unless the patient lacks decision-making
capacity.
Q11: A patient has a living will stating they do not want mechanical ventilation. The patient's adult child
demands that the LVN "do everything" to keep the parent alive. Which action should the LVN take?
2026/2027 | LVN Term 1 | Verified Q&A |
Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
NURSING FUNDAMENTALS / HISTORY / THEORIST — Questions 1–8
Q1: Florence Nightingale is best known for which contribution to nursing?
A. Developing the first nursing licensure examination
B. Establishing the environmental theory of nursing and founding modern nursing education [CORRECT]
C. Creating the first nursing union for workplace rights
D. Inventing the stethoscope for patient assessment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) is the founder of modern nursing. She established the
environmental theory, emphasizing that clean air, water, sanitation, light, and noise control promote
healing. She founded the first secular nursing school at St. Thomas' Hospital in London (1860) and used
statistical data to demonstrate the impact of sanitation on mortality rates during the Crimean War.
Q2: According to Virginia Henderson's definition, the unique function of the nurse is to:
A. Administer medications and treatments as ordered by the physician
B. Assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its
recovery that they would perform unaided if they had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge
[CORRECT]
C. Manage the hospital unit and supervise ancillary staff
D. Perform diagnostic procedures and interpret laboratory results
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Virginia Henderson defined nursing as assisting individuals to perform 14 basic needs
(breathing, eating, eliminating, moving, sleeping, dressing, maintaining body temperature, etc.) that
they would do independently if able. This definition emphasizes the nurse's role in supporting self-care
and promoting independence, not merely following orders (A), managing units (C), or performing
diagnostics (D).
,Q3: Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory identifies three nursing systems. Which system is used
when a patient is completely unable to perform self-care?
A. Supportive-educative system
B. Partly compensatory system
C. Wholly compensatory system [CORRECT]
D. Collaborative care system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Orem's three nursing systems are: wholly compensatory (nurse provides all care — patient is
unconscious, paralyzed, or severely debilitated); partly compensatory (nurse and patient share care
responsibilities); and supportive-educative (patient performs self-care with nursing support and
education). The wholly compensatory system is indicated when the patient cannot perform any self-care
activities.
Q4: The nursing process is a systematic method for delivering patient care. Which is the correct
sequence?
A. Planning, Implementation, Assessment, Diagnosis, Evaluation
B. Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation [CORRECT]
C. Diagnosis, Assessment, Planning, Evaluation, Implementation
D. Implementation, Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Evaluation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nursing process follows the ADPIE sequence: Assessment (collect data), Diagnosis
(identify problems), Planning (set goals and outcomes), Implementation (perform nursing actions),
Evaluation (determine if goals were met). Assessment is always first — no interventions should occur
without data collection. Evaluation is always last — determining effectiveness closes the cycle.
Q5: Maslow's hierarchy of needs places which need at the foundational level?
A. Self-esteem
B. Safety and security
C. Love and belonging
D. Physiological needs [CORRECT]
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy is structured as a pyramid: physiological needs (oxygen, water, food,
shelter, sleep, elimination) form the foundation and must be met before higher-level needs can be
addressed. The hierarchy progresses: physiological → safety/security → love/belonging → self-esteem
→ self-actualization. Nurses prioritize physiological needs first in patient care.
,Q6: An LVN is caring for a patient who is anxious about an upcoming surgery. The patient states, "I'm
afraid I won't wake up from the anesthesia." Which nursing response demonstrates therapeutic
communication?
A. "Don't worry, you'll be fine. The doctors know what they're doing."
B. "It sounds like you're feeling scared about the surgery. Can you tell me more about your concerns?"
[CORRECT]
C. "Lots of people have surgery every day without problems."
D. "You shouldn't think about that. Let's talk about something else."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Therapeutic communication involves active listening, empathy, and encouraging expression
of feelings. Restating the patient's emotion ("you're feeling scared") and using an open-ended question
("tell me more") invites further discussion and builds trust. Non-therapeutic responses include false
reassurance (A), minimizing (C), and changing the subject (D) — these block communication and
invalidate the patient's feelings.
Q7: Which action by an LVN best demonstrates the implementation phase of the nursing process?
A. Collecting vital signs and documenting them in the chart
B. Identifying that the patient has impaired mobility
C. Repositioning the patient every 2 hours to prevent pressure injuries [CORRECT]
D. Determining whether the patient's pain has decreased after medication
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The implementation phase involves carrying out planned nursing interventions.
Repositioning every 2 hours is a direct nursing action that was planned during the planning phase.
Collecting vital signs (A) is assessment; identifying impaired mobility (B) is diagnosis; determining pain
reduction (D) is evaluation.
Q8: Erikson's stage of psychosocial development for a toddler (age 1–3 years) is:
A. Trust vs. mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt [CORRECT]
C. Initiative vs. guilt
D. Industry vs. inferiority
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Erikson's stages: Infancy (0–1): trust vs. mistrust; Toddler (1–3): autonomy vs. shame and
, doubt (developing independence); Preschool (3–6): initiative vs. guilt; School age (6–12): industry vs.
inferiority; Adolescence: identity vs. role confusion; Young adult: intimacy vs. isolation; Middle adult:
generativity vs. stagnation; Older adult: integrity vs. despair.
LEGAL & ETHICAL ISSUES — Questions 9–20
Q9: A patient is scheduled for surgery and must sign an informed consent form. Who is legally
responsible for obtaining informed consent?
A. The LVN caring for the patient
B. The physician or provider performing the procedure [CORRECT]
C. The unit secretary
D. The patient's family member
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Informed consent is a legal and ethical requirement that the physician or provider
performing the procedure must obtain. The provider must explain the procedure, risks, benefits,
alternatives, and potential outcomes in language the patient understands. The LVN's role is to witness
the signature (confirming the patient signed voluntarily and appears competent), not to obtain consent
or explain the procedure.
Q10: An LVN is asked to witness a patient's signature on an informed consent form. Which action is
correct?
A. Explain the surgical procedure and risks to the patient
B. Ensure the patient is competent, understands they are consenting to surgery, and signs voluntarily
[CORRECT]
C. Obtain the patient's signature without asking questions
D. Have the patient's family sign instead if the patient is anxious
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: As a witness, the LVN verifies three things: the patient is competent (alert, oriented, not
sedated), the patient understands they are consenting to a specific procedure, and the signature is
voluntary (not coerced). The LVN does not explain the procedure or risks (A) — that is the provider's
responsibility. Having family sign (D) violates patient autonomy unless the patient lacks decision-making
capacity.
Q11: A patient has a living will stating they do not want mechanical ventilation. The patient's adult child
demands that the LVN "do everything" to keep the parent alive. Which action should the LVN take?
