ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy Certificate
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ LATEST 100%
GUARANTEED PASS
2. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
-Cyclin-CDK complex allows the cell to progress through each phase of the cell cycle
Locations of proteins Cyclins (D, E, A, B) and CDKs - CORRECT ANSWER--(G0-G1) : Cyclin D and
CDK 4/6
-Early S: Cyclin E and CDK 1/2
-Late S: Cyclin A and CDK 1/2
-G2: CDK 1/2 and cyclin A
,-Before M: CDK 1 and Cyclin B
Inhibitory proteins - CORRECT ANSWER--prevent progression of the cycle when DNA damage is
detected
-An example of an inhibitory protein is p53 (AKA TP53)
DNA Damage Checkpoints - CORRECT ANSWER--If DNA damage is present, cells are
programmed to stop dividing or undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death)
-The retinoblastoma protein (Rb), p53, and p21 are some of the most well-understood
inhibitory proteins (IP)
Inhibitory proteins p53 - CORRECT ANSWER--Levels of this IP regulate several important target
genes
-Will increase when DNA damage is present
-Protects against inappropriate signal proliferation
-sometimes called the "suicide gene"
M Phase Checkpoints - CORRECT ANSWER-When the cells prepare to divide, the chromosomes
line up in the mitotic spindle.
If the chromosomes are not properly aligned, division is not allowed to continue
Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER-
,Cells of the Immune System - CORRECT ANSWER-
Pluripotent Stem Cell - CORRECT ANSWER--The cells of the immune system are created in the
bome marrow from what is know as a ___
-A stem cell that can differentiate into any cell type except for extraembryotic tissue, does not
yet have a function
Myeolid Precursor Cells - CORRECT ANSWER-Mature into:
-RBCS
-Plts
-WBCs (Granulocytes)
Lymphoid Precursor Cells - CORRECT ANSWER-Mature into:
-Specialized WBCs called lymphocytes (Agranulocytes)
Lines of Defense: The Immune System's Response to Attack - CORRECT ANSWER-Consists of 2
types of immunity:
1: Innate
2: Adaptive
Innate Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER--First line of defense against a pathogen
-Does not retain memory of the entity
, -Involves the following:
(skin, mucous membranes, and normal flora of the skin and gut)
(Cellular components such as phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, and macrophages)
1. Phagocytes
2. Natural Killer Cells
3. Granulocytes
4. Macrophages - CORRECT ANSWER-1.Cells that engulf and destroy invader
2. Cells that sense receptors on self and non-self to determine if they should kill or not
3. Type of WBC that have granules (Neutrophils
Eosinophils - parasites
Basophils - release histamine to stimulate immune response)
4. Large phagocytic cells stimulated by infection
Adaptive Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER--Stimulated if innate immunity is insufficient
-leads to immune system memory
-Humoral immunity
-Cell-mediated immunity
-Regulatory T-cells
Immunotherapy Certificate
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ LATEST 100%
GUARANTEED PASS
2. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
-Cyclin-CDK complex allows the cell to progress through each phase of the cell cycle
Locations of proteins Cyclins (D, E, A, B) and CDKs - CORRECT ANSWER--(G0-G1) : Cyclin D and
CDK 4/6
-Early S: Cyclin E and CDK 1/2
-Late S: Cyclin A and CDK 1/2
-G2: CDK 1/2 and cyclin A
,-Before M: CDK 1 and Cyclin B
Inhibitory proteins - CORRECT ANSWER--prevent progression of the cycle when DNA damage is
detected
-An example of an inhibitory protein is p53 (AKA TP53)
DNA Damage Checkpoints - CORRECT ANSWER--If DNA damage is present, cells are
programmed to stop dividing or undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death)
-The retinoblastoma protein (Rb), p53, and p21 are some of the most well-understood
inhibitory proteins (IP)
Inhibitory proteins p53 - CORRECT ANSWER--Levels of this IP regulate several important target
genes
-Will increase when DNA damage is present
-Protects against inappropriate signal proliferation
-sometimes called the "suicide gene"
M Phase Checkpoints - CORRECT ANSWER-When the cells prepare to divide, the chromosomes
line up in the mitotic spindle.
If the chromosomes are not properly aligned, division is not allowed to continue
Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER-
,Cells of the Immune System - CORRECT ANSWER-
Pluripotent Stem Cell - CORRECT ANSWER--The cells of the immune system are created in the
bome marrow from what is know as a ___
-A stem cell that can differentiate into any cell type except for extraembryotic tissue, does not
yet have a function
Myeolid Precursor Cells - CORRECT ANSWER-Mature into:
-RBCS
-Plts
-WBCs (Granulocytes)
Lymphoid Precursor Cells - CORRECT ANSWER-Mature into:
-Specialized WBCs called lymphocytes (Agranulocytes)
Lines of Defense: The Immune System's Response to Attack - CORRECT ANSWER-Consists of 2
types of immunity:
1: Innate
2: Adaptive
Innate Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER--First line of defense against a pathogen
-Does not retain memory of the entity
, -Involves the following:
(skin, mucous membranes, and normal flora of the skin and gut)
(Cellular components such as phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, and macrophages)
1. Phagocytes
2. Natural Killer Cells
3. Granulocytes
4. Macrophages - CORRECT ANSWER-1.Cells that engulf and destroy invader
2. Cells that sense receptors on self and non-self to determine if they should kill or not
3. Type of WBC that have granules (Neutrophils
Eosinophils - parasites
Basophils - release histamine to stimulate immune response)
4. Large phagocytic cells stimulated by infection
Adaptive Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER--Stimulated if innate immunity is insufficient
-leads to immune system memory
-Humoral immunity
-Cell-mediated immunity
-Regulatory T-cells
