CRIMINAL JUSTICE NOCTI BUNDLED
EXAMS CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026 FULL
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Beyond Reasonable Doubt. Answer: Highest level of proof of
evidence
⩥ Probable Cause. Answer: More than suspicion, but less than actual
knowledge.
⩥ Preponderance of Evidence. Answer: More than likely that person
should be held responsible
⩥ Nolo Contedere. Answer: Latin term meaning a plea of no contest
⩥ OSHA. Answer: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
⩥ Use of Force Continuum. Answer: 1. Officer Presence
2. Verbalization
3. Empty- Hand Control
4. Less- Lethal
5. Letha
,⩥ Bill of Rights. Answer: First Ten Amendments
⩥ 1st Amendment. Answer: Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press,
Assembly, and Petition
⩥ 2nd Amendment. Answer: Right for the people to keep and bear arms,
as well as to maintain a militia
⩥ 3rd Amendment. Answer: Protection from quartering of troops
⩥ 4th Amendment. Answer: Protection from unreasonable search and
seizure
⩥ 5th Amendment. Answer: Due process, double jeopardy, self-
incrimination, and eminent domain (compensation)
⩥ 6th Amendment. Answer: Speedy and public trial by impartial jury
and other rights of the accused
⩥ 7th Amendment. Answer: Civil trial by jury
,⩥ 8th Amendment. Answer: Prohibition of excessive bail, as well as
cruel and unusual punishment
⩥ 9th Amendment. Answer: Protection of rights not specifically
enumerated in the Bill of Rights
⩥ 10th Amendment. Answer: Rights and powers to the State and people
⩥ Plain View Doctrine. Answer: Officer is physically and lawfully
present, the evidence is in plain view, and it is immediately apparent that
the evidence is contraband
⩥ Most criminal statutes are removed, added or modified by the
______________ branch of government.. Answer: Legislative
⩥ Most law enforcement agencies fall under the _________ branch of
government.. Answer: Executive
⩥ Crimes against the person include murder, rape, robbery, and
___________.. Answer: assault
⩥ A/an ____________ is a crime punishable by at least one year in
prison.. Answer: misdemeanor
, ⩥ Legal term for a civil or personal wrong?. Answer: Tort
⩥ Terry v. Ohio. Answer: - Stop and Frisk
- Officers are permitted to pat down clothing of people on the streets if
there is reasonable suspicion of dangerous criminal activity
- "Terry pats" (over clothes only)
- police must make observations, draw reasonable conclusions, identify
themselves, and make inquiries before conducing a stop and frisk
⩥ Mapp v. Ohio. Answer: - Exclusionary Rule
- Exclusionary rule incorporated into states
- Because fourth amendment protects people from unreasonable searches
and seizures by all law enforcement officials, evidence found through
improper searches or seizures must be excluded from use at state and
federal trials
⩥ Carroll v. US. Answer: - Automobile searches
- Because by their nature automobiles can be easily moved, warrantless
searches are permissible when reasonable suspicion of illegal activity
exists
⩥ Katz v. US. Answer: 1967, the government can not tap your phone
without a warrant.
EXAMS CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026 FULL
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Beyond Reasonable Doubt. Answer: Highest level of proof of
evidence
⩥ Probable Cause. Answer: More than suspicion, but less than actual
knowledge.
⩥ Preponderance of Evidence. Answer: More than likely that person
should be held responsible
⩥ Nolo Contedere. Answer: Latin term meaning a plea of no contest
⩥ OSHA. Answer: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
⩥ Use of Force Continuum. Answer: 1. Officer Presence
2. Verbalization
3. Empty- Hand Control
4. Less- Lethal
5. Letha
,⩥ Bill of Rights. Answer: First Ten Amendments
⩥ 1st Amendment. Answer: Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press,
Assembly, and Petition
⩥ 2nd Amendment. Answer: Right for the people to keep and bear arms,
as well as to maintain a militia
⩥ 3rd Amendment. Answer: Protection from quartering of troops
⩥ 4th Amendment. Answer: Protection from unreasonable search and
seizure
⩥ 5th Amendment. Answer: Due process, double jeopardy, self-
incrimination, and eminent domain (compensation)
⩥ 6th Amendment. Answer: Speedy and public trial by impartial jury
and other rights of the accused
⩥ 7th Amendment. Answer: Civil trial by jury
,⩥ 8th Amendment. Answer: Prohibition of excessive bail, as well as
cruel and unusual punishment
⩥ 9th Amendment. Answer: Protection of rights not specifically
enumerated in the Bill of Rights
⩥ 10th Amendment. Answer: Rights and powers to the State and people
⩥ Plain View Doctrine. Answer: Officer is physically and lawfully
present, the evidence is in plain view, and it is immediately apparent that
the evidence is contraband
⩥ Most criminal statutes are removed, added or modified by the
______________ branch of government.. Answer: Legislative
⩥ Most law enforcement agencies fall under the _________ branch of
government.. Answer: Executive
⩥ Crimes against the person include murder, rape, robbery, and
___________.. Answer: assault
⩥ A/an ____________ is a crime punishable by at least one year in
prison.. Answer: misdemeanor
, ⩥ Legal term for a civil or personal wrong?. Answer: Tort
⩥ Terry v. Ohio. Answer: - Stop and Frisk
- Officers are permitted to pat down clothing of people on the streets if
there is reasonable suspicion of dangerous criminal activity
- "Terry pats" (over clothes only)
- police must make observations, draw reasonable conclusions, identify
themselves, and make inquiries before conducing a stop and frisk
⩥ Mapp v. Ohio. Answer: - Exclusionary Rule
- Exclusionary rule incorporated into states
- Because fourth amendment protects people from unreasonable searches
and seizures by all law enforcement officials, evidence found through
improper searches or seizures must be excluded from use at state and
federal trials
⩥ Carroll v. US. Answer: - Automobile searches
- Because by their nature automobiles can be easily moved, warrantless
searches are permissible when reasonable suspicion of illegal activity
exists
⩥ Katz v. US. Answer: 1967, the government can not tap your phone
without a warrant.
