McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults
and Children
9th Edition
Author(s)Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
Q1. A 6-year-old child is diagnosed with recurrent
pyogenic infections and delayed separation of the
umbilical cord. Flow cytometry demonstrates defective β2-
integrin expression on neutrophils. The inability of
leukocytes to migrate effectively into infected tissue most
directly reflects disruption of which cellular process?
, A. Ligand-gated ion transport
B. Cell-to-cell adhesion
C. Oxidative phosphorylation
D. Intracellular protein trafficking
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
• Clinical Clue: Delayed umbilical cord separation and
recurrent bacterial infections suggest leukocyte adhesion
deficiency.
• Mechanism: β2-integrins mediate firm adhesion between
leukocytes and endothelial cells during diapedesis.
• Why the Correct Answer Is Right: Cell-to-cell adhesion
molecules are essential for leukocyte margination and
tissue migration during inflammation.
• Why the Other Options Are Wrong:
o A: Ion transport defects affect excitability, not
leukocyte migration.
o C: Oxidative phosphorylation defects impair ATP
generation but do not specifically prevent endothelial
adhesion.
o D: Protein trafficking disorders produce broader
secretory dysfunction.
,• Exam Trap: Students often confuse chemotaxis defects
with adhesion failure; this disorder specifically prevents
attachment to endothelium.
• High-Yield Clinical Correlation: Integrin dysfunction leads
to neutrophilia because leukocytes remain trapped in
circulation.
• Memory Anchor: “No integrins, no exit from
bloodstream.”
Q2. A researcher compares bacterial cells with human
hepatocytes. She notes that the bacterial cell lacks
membrane-bound organelles yet maintains metabolic
independence. Which feature most directly distinguishes
eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
A. Presence of ribosomes
B. Plasma membrane phospholipids
C. Membrane-bound nucleus
D. Ability to synthesize proteins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
• Clinical Clue: The question contrasts cellular organization
between bacteria and human cells.
• Mechanism: Eukaryotes compartmentalize genetic and
metabolic functions within membrane-bound organelles.
, • Why the Correct Answer Is Right: A membrane-bound
nucleus is the defining structural distinction of eukaryotic
cells.
• Why the Other Options Are Wrong:
o A: Both cell types contain ribosomes.
o B: Both possess phospholipid membranes.
o D: Protein synthesis occurs in both prokaryotes and
eukaryotes.
• Exam Trap: Ribosomes are universal and not unique to
eukaryotes.
• High-Yield Clinical Correlation: Many antibiotics selectively
target bacterial ribosomes because of structural
differences from eukaryotic ribosomes.
• Memory Anchor: “Eukaryotes compartmentalize.”
Q3. A patient with severe mitochondrial disease develops
progressive skeletal muscle weakness and exercise
intolerance. Muscle biopsy demonstrates ragged red fibers
and impaired ATP production. Which cellular function is
most directly impaired?
A. Lysosomal degradation
B. Cytoskeletal anchoring
C. Oxidative energy production
D. DNA transcription
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults
and Children
9th Edition
Author(s)Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
Q1. A 6-year-old child is diagnosed with recurrent
pyogenic infections and delayed separation of the
umbilical cord. Flow cytometry demonstrates defective β2-
integrin expression on neutrophils. The inability of
leukocytes to migrate effectively into infected tissue most
directly reflects disruption of which cellular process?
, A. Ligand-gated ion transport
B. Cell-to-cell adhesion
C. Oxidative phosphorylation
D. Intracellular protein trafficking
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
• Clinical Clue: Delayed umbilical cord separation and
recurrent bacterial infections suggest leukocyte adhesion
deficiency.
• Mechanism: β2-integrins mediate firm adhesion between
leukocytes and endothelial cells during diapedesis.
• Why the Correct Answer Is Right: Cell-to-cell adhesion
molecules are essential for leukocyte margination and
tissue migration during inflammation.
• Why the Other Options Are Wrong:
o A: Ion transport defects affect excitability, not
leukocyte migration.
o C: Oxidative phosphorylation defects impair ATP
generation but do not specifically prevent endothelial
adhesion.
o D: Protein trafficking disorders produce broader
secretory dysfunction.
,• Exam Trap: Students often confuse chemotaxis defects
with adhesion failure; this disorder specifically prevents
attachment to endothelium.
• High-Yield Clinical Correlation: Integrin dysfunction leads
to neutrophilia because leukocytes remain trapped in
circulation.
• Memory Anchor: “No integrins, no exit from
bloodstream.”
Q2. A researcher compares bacterial cells with human
hepatocytes. She notes that the bacterial cell lacks
membrane-bound organelles yet maintains metabolic
independence. Which feature most directly distinguishes
eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
A. Presence of ribosomes
B. Plasma membrane phospholipids
C. Membrane-bound nucleus
D. Ability to synthesize proteins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
• Clinical Clue: The question contrasts cellular organization
between bacteria and human cells.
• Mechanism: Eukaryotes compartmentalize genetic and
metabolic functions within membrane-bound organelles.
, • Why the Correct Answer Is Right: A membrane-bound
nucleus is the defining structural distinction of eukaryotic
cells.
• Why the Other Options Are Wrong:
o A: Both cell types contain ribosomes.
o B: Both possess phospholipid membranes.
o D: Protein synthesis occurs in both prokaryotes and
eukaryotes.
• Exam Trap: Ribosomes are universal and not unique to
eukaryotes.
• High-Yield Clinical Correlation: Many antibiotics selectively
target bacterial ribosomes because of structural
differences from eukaryotic ribosomes.
• Memory Anchor: “Eukaryotes compartmentalize.”
Q3. A patient with severe mitochondrial disease develops
progressive skeletal muscle weakness and exercise
intolerance. Muscle biopsy demonstrates ragged red fibers
and impaired ATP production. Which cellular function is
most directly impaired?
A. Lysosomal degradation
B. Cytoskeletal anchoring
C. Oxidative energy production
D. DNA transcription
