ENT EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE | COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% GRADED EXPERT
SOLUTIONS| 2026 LATEST UPDATED | GET A+
1. maxillary sinus: located behind cheekbones; first sinus to develop, fluid-
filled at birth
2. sphenoid sinus: located in the sphenoid bone behind the eye and under
the pituitary gland
3. ethmoid sinus: located between the eyes, behind the bridge of the nose
4. frontal sinus: located above the eyes, between the eyebrows; develops
after age 2 and is the last to pneumatize
5. trigeminal nerve branches and function: ophthalmic, maxillary,
mandibular branches sensation to face, motor to muscles of mastication
6. facial nerve branches and function: temporal, zygomatic, buccal,
mandibular, cervical
motor to muscles of facial expression, secretion of salivary and lacrimal
glands, and taste for anterior 2/3 tongue
,7. which type of facial nerve lesion PRESERVES forehead wrinkling
capabilities?-
: central lesion
8. referred otalgia: Cranial nerves 5, 7, 9, and 10 contribute afferent fibers to
the external and middle ear.
Referred otalgia is considered a "red flag" for a possible head and neck
malignancy
9. duct of parotid gland: Stensen's duct
10. where does parotid duct open: opposite the second upper maxillary
molar
11. duct of submandibular gland: Wharton's duct
12. where does submandibular duct open: under base of tongue, near the
frenulum
13. 3 unpaired cartilages of larynx: cricoid, thyroid, epiglottis
14. 3 paired cartilages of larynx: arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform
,15. function of larynx: Its primary function is to protect the lower airway by
closing abruptly to prevent foreign matter entry. It is also involved in sound
production (phonation), coughing, Valsalva maneuver, and control of
ventilation. The hyoid bone, though not part of the larynx, aids in laryngeal
motion.
16. landmarks of tympanic membrane: The handle of the malleus is always
visible, leading to the
umbo (the center of the TM). The cone of light should be visible at the 5
o'clock or 7 o'clock position (depending on ear, points to chin)
17. BPPV etiology: Caused by dislodged utricle otoconia (calcium carbonate
crystals) that settle, most commonly, in the posterior semicircular canal
(SCC). It is often caused by prior trauma and is almost exclusively unilateral
18. BPPV s&s: Brief (<60 seconds) and intense positional vertigo when in
an offending position (e.g., lying down, rolling over, looking up). The
vertigo fatigues upon repeating the position. It may spontaneously resolve
and recur. 19 BPPV diagnosis: Dix-Hallpike maneuver
, is positive if geotropic rotatory nystagmus is observed. The side with the
biggest reaction indicates the affected side 20. BPPV management: Epley
maneuver (repositioning maneuver, ~90% resolution) and Brandt-Daroff
exercises (67-80% resolution at 3 months). These are typically done by a
physical therapist.
21. Risk factors for BPPV: CVA, old age, previous vestibular neuronitis,
Meniere's disease, migraine.
22. Meniere's etiology: Viral or autoimmune causes endolymphatic hydrops,
which is increased production or pressure of endolymph within the
membranous labyrinth
23. Meniere's s&s: Episodes of vertigo lasting 20 minutes to 24 hours,
accompanied by unilateral aural fullness, "roaring" tinnitus, and hearing
loss, along with nausea and vomiting. Episode frequency varies.
24. The diagnosis for Meniere's is primarily clinical; however, _____ and _____
may be considered: MRI, audio eval
SOLUTIONS| 2026 LATEST UPDATED | GET A+
1. maxillary sinus: located behind cheekbones; first sinus to develop, fluid-
filled at birth
2. sphenoid sinus: located in the sphenoid bone behind the eye and under
the pituitary gland
3. ethmoid sinus: located between the eyes, behind the bridge of the nose
4. frontal sinus: located above the eyes, between the eyebrows; develops
after age 2 and is the last to pneumatize
5. trigeminal nerve branches and function: ophthalmic, maxillary,
mandibular branches sensation to face, motor to muscles of mastication
6. facial nerve branches and function: temporal, zygomatic, buccal,
mandibular, cervical
motor to muscles of facial expression, secretion of salivary and lacrimal
glands, and taste for anterior 2/3 tongue
,7. which type of facial nerve lesion PRESERVES forehead wrinkling
capabilities?-
: central lesion
8. referred otalgia: Cranial nerves 5, 7, 9, and 10 contribute afferent fibers to
the external and middle ear.
Referred otalgia is considered a "red flag" for a possible head and neck
malignancy
9. duct of parotid gland: Stensen's duct
10. where does parotid duct open: opposite the second upper maxillary
molar
11. duct of submandibular gland: Wharton's duct
12. where does submandibular duct open: under base of tongue, near the
frenulum
13. 3 unpaired cartilages of larynx: cricoid, thyroid, epiglottis
14. 3 paired cartilages of larynx: arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform
,15. function of larynx: Its primary function is to protect the lower airway by
closing abruptly to prevent foreign matter entry. It is also involved in sound
production (phonation), coughing, Valsalva maneuver, and control of
ventilation. The hyoid bone, though not part of the larynx, aids in laryngeal
motion.
16. landmarks of tympanic membrane: The handle of the malleus is always
visible, leading to the
umbo (the center of the TM). The cone of light should be visible at the 5
o'clock or 7 o'clock position (depending on ear, points to chin)
17. BPPV etiology: Caused by dislodged utricle otoconia (calcium carbonate
crystals) that settle, most commonly, in the posterior semicircular canal
(SCC). It is often caused by prior trauma and is almost exclusively unilateral
18. BPPV s&s: Brief (<60 seconds) and intense positional vertigo when in
an offending position (e.g., lying down, rolling over, looking up). The
vertigo fatigues upon repeating the position. It may spontaneously resolve
and recur. 19 BPPV diagnosis: Dix-Hallpike maneuver
, is positive if geotropic rotatory nystagmus is observed. The side with the
biggest reaction indicates the affected side 20. BPPV management: Epley
maneuver (repositioning maneuver, ~90% resolution) and Brandt-Daroff
exercises (67-80% resolution at 3 months). These are typically done by a
physical therapist.
21. Risk factors for BPPV: CVA, old age, previous vestibular neuronitis,
Meniere's disease, migraine.
22. Meniere's etiology: Viral or autoimmune causes endolymphatic hydrops,
which is increased production or pressure of endolymph within the
membranous labyrinth
23. Meniere's s&s: Episodes of vertigo lasting 20 minutes to 24 hours,
accompanied by unilateral aural fullness, "roaring" tinnitus, and hearing
loss, along with nausea and vomiting. Episode frequency varies.
24. The diagnosis for Meniere's is primarily clinical; however, _____ and _____
may be considered: MRI, audio eval
