Juta’s Manual of Nursing
The need to generate and maintain patient information .................................. 91
Confidentiality and access to records .................................................................. 92
The role of the nurse .............................................................................................. 93
Manual record keeping .......................................................................................... 94
Principles of good record keeping ........................................................................ 94
Incident reports ....................................................................................................... 95
Electronic management of patient information ................................................. 96
The benefits of electronic patient records ........................................................... 96
Challenges of electronic records and databases ................................................. 97
Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 98
Suggested activities for students ................................................................................ 98
Chapter 5: Introducing the concept of
bio-psychosocial needs ........................................................................... 99
Introduction ................................................................................................................... 100
Bio-psychosocial theories ............................................................................................ 100
Nancy Roper ............................................................................................................ 101
Hildegard Peplau ..................................................................................................... 101
Abraham Maslow .................................................................................................... 101
Physical needs ............................................................................................................... 102
Need for oxygen ..................................................................................................... 102
Need for circulation ................................................................................................ 102
Need for fluids and electrolytes ............................................................................ 103
Need for nutrition ................................................................................................... 103
Need for elimination of waste products ............................................................... 103
Need for temperature regulation ........................................................................... 103
Need for mobility and exercise ............................................................................. 103
Need for hygiene ..................................................................................................... 104
Need for comfort and rest ...................................................................................... 104
Need for safety ........................................................................................................ 104
Need for security ..................................................................................................... 104
Need for sexuality ................................................................................................... 105
Psychosocial needs ....................................................................................................... 105
Need for cognition .................................................................................................. 105
Need for adaptation ................................................................................................ 105
Need for self-esteem and self-concept ................................................................. 106
Need for autonomy ................................................................................................. 106
Need for relatedness ............................................................................................... 105
, chapter
Introducing the
5 concept of bio-
psychosocial needs
Learning objectives
On completion of this chapter, the student should be able to do the following:
• Assess and plan for the identified needs of the patient satisfactorily and within the
professional, ethical and legal framework of nursing and healthcare.
• Apply the relevant nursing theories in meeting the needs of patients.
• Provide, competent and effective care to patients with bio-psychosocial needs.
• Demonstrate tolerance and a positive attitude for diverse customs regarding diet,
illness, death and dying, rituals etc, for all patients.
Key concepts and terminology
Bio-psychosocial needs: The totality of factors required for physical survival and optimum
physical function, as well as factors necessary for social function, psychological
wellbeing and spiritual meaning.
Needs: Requirements that must be met in order to ensure the successful achievement of a
desired goal.
Physical needs: The factors which are necessary for the optimum and psychological
functioning of the body.
Psychosocial needs: A variety of cognitive, emotional and interpersonal factors which
enable individuals to adapt to the environment, form relationships with others and
function successfully within a community.
Religion: An experience of spiritual belief through a framework of rituals, codes and
practices, the sense of otherness or a power of being a deity or Supreme Being.
Spiritual needs: Those factors that will enable the individual to find meaning in life and
a relationship with a higher power such as God, or alternatively with the Universe or
forces of nature.
Prerequisite knowledge
The nurse should have knowledge of the following:
• Anatomy and physiology of the human being ➙
99
The need to generate and maintain patient information .................................. 91
Confidentiality and access to records .................................................................. 92
The role of the nurse .............................................................................................. 93
Manual record keeping .......................................................................................... 94
Principles of good record keeping ........................................................................ 94
Incident reports ....................................................................................................... 95
Electronic management of patient information ................................................. 96
The benefits of electronic patient records ........................................................... 96
Challenges of electronic records and databases ................................................. 97
Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 98
Suggested activities for students ................................................................................ 98
Chapter 5: Introducing the concept of
bio-psychosocial needs ........................................................................... 99
Introduction ................................................................................................................... 100
Bio-psychosocial theories ............................................................................................ 100
Nancy Roper ............................................................................................................ 101
Hildegard Peplau ..................................................................................................... 101
Abraham Maslow .................................................................................................... 101
Physical needs ............................................................................................................... 102
Need for oxygen ..................................................................................................... 102
Need for circulation ................................................................................................ 102
Need for fluids and electrolytes ............................................................................ 103
Need for nutrition ................................................................................................... 103
Need for elimination of waste products ............................................................... 103
Need for temperature regulation ........................................................................... 103
Need for mobility and exercise ............................................................................. 103
Need for hygiene ..................................................................................................... 104
Need for comfort and rest ...................................................................................... 104
Need for safety ........................................................................................................ 104
Need for security ..................................................................................................... 104
Need for sexuality ................................................................................................... 105
Psychosocial needs ....................................................................................................... 105
Need for cognition .................................................................................................. 105
Need for adaptation ................................................................................................ 105
Need for self-esteem and self-concept ................................................................. 106
Need for autonomy ................................................................................................. 106
Need for relatedness ............................................................................................... 105
, chapter
Introducing the
5 concept of bio-
psychosocial needs
Learning objectives
On completion of this chapter, the student should be able to do the following:
• Assess and plan for the identified needs of the patient satisfactorily and within the
professional, ethical and legal framework of nursing and healthcare.
• Apply the relevant nursing theories in meeting the needs of patients.
• Provide, competent and effective care to patients with bio-psychosocial needs.
• Demonstrate tolerance and a positive attitude for diverse customs regarding diet,
illness, death and dying, rituals etc, for all patients.
Key concepts and terminology
Bio-psychosocial needs: The totality of factors required for physical survival and optimum
physical function, as well as factors necessary for social function, psychological
wellbeing and spiritual meaning.
Needs: Requirements that must be met in order to ensure the successful achievement of a
desired goal.
Physical needs: The factors which are necessary for the optimum and psychological
functioning of the body.
Psychosocial needs: A variety of cognitive, emotional and interpersonal factors which
enable individuals to adapt to the environment, form relationships with others and
function successfully within a community.
Religion: An experience of spiritual belief through a framework of rituals, codes and
practices, the sense of otherness or a power of being a deity or Supreme Being.
Spiritual needs: Those factors that will enable the individual to find meaning in life and
a relationship with a higher power such as God, or alternatively with the Universe or
forces of nature.
Prerequisite knowledge
The nurse should have knowledge of the following:
• Anatomy and physiology of the human being ➙
99
