WKU Med Surg FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<NEWEST VERSION>
1. The operative experience is broken up into these three phases: - ANSWER
✔ (1) Preoperative, (2) Intraoperative, (3) Postoperative
2. The preoperative phase commences when: - ANSWER ✔ the decision for
surgery is made and ends when the patient is transferred to the surgical suite.
-The preoperative nurse takes on roles of educator, advocator, and admittance
nurse.
3. Components of the preoperative checklist: - ANSWER ✔ Includes but not
limited too:
-a full medical history
-assessment of the patient's health status
-paperwork necessary for intraoperative and postoperative care
-completion of preoperative orders (antibiotics, ted hose, ect.)
-patient education regarding the entire surgical process
-patient and witness sign the informed consent
-the initial "time-out" phase where the patient verifies information
4. Informed Consent - ANSWER ✔ is when a patient autonomously and
cognitively grants permission to a provider to perform a surgical procedure
after considering all alternatives, benefits, and risks.
-This is the role of the provider BUT the nurse is to ensure the patient has all
the information needed to make an informed decision.
5. Components of an informed consent: - ANSWER ✔ -a consent for the
procedure itself (should include: 1. name, type and reason for surgery, 2.
name of the surgeon to perform, 3. reason that intervention will benefit the
, patient, 4. all alternative options to surgery, 5. potential outcomes if surgery
is not performed)
-consent for anesthesia (this is the role of the anesthesiologist or the nurse
anesthetist to explain the type of anesthesia, risks, and meds used. The nurse's
role is to ensure the patient understands the information.)
6. -consent to administer blood products (must be witnessed by two people. In
emergency situations, a verbal consent is acceptable until after surgery for
paperwork. If no one is able to consent, two physicians must sign off on the
need for it.
7. A formal process of identification performed by the patient and the health-
care team to identify the correct patient, correct procedure, and correct
surgical site. - ANSWER ✔ Time-out, "Pause for Cause"
8. When and how many times does the time-out (Pause for Cause) occur? -
ANSWER ✔ Starts when the patient enters the facility and receives a
wristband with his/her information. After reviewing the wristband, the
patient confirms all the information is correct and name the procedure and
site. This is then performed again by the circulating nurse upon transfer to
the surgical suite and once more immediately preceding incision by the
entire team. The surgeon will then mark the surgical site with a permanent
marker.
9. Postoperative nursing management should include: - ANSWER ✔ -
assessment and monitoring of the patient's response to surgery and
anesthesia
-timely interventions to resolve problems, concerns, and needs of patients
(physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual)
-evaluation of these interventions including effects or adverse effects of
medications including opioids
-reassessment of the patient's condition
-evaluation of achievement of discharge criteria
10.Critical areas of assessment on admission to the PACU include: - ANSWER
✔ -vital signs
-pain level
-neurological function
-temperature and color of skin
-condition of dressings; assessing for bleeding and drainage
,-condition of visible incisions
-presence and patency of IV catheters, drains, and other catheters
-hydration status and fluid therapy
11.Acute pain: - ANSWER ✔ sudden in onset and usually of short duration,
presenting immediately following noxious stimuli and tissue damage and
continuing for several hours to several weeks. Ususally treatable.
12.Chronic pain: - ANSWER ✔ present for more than 3 to 6 months, with or
without obvious link to tissue injury. It is unpredictable and resistant to
many pain relieving therapies.
13.Persistent pain: - ANSWER ✔ acute or chronic pain that responds to some
therapeutic interventions but reoccurs when therapies reach the effective end
of their dose. Ex: wounds, arthritis, back pain, and some headaches.
14.Chronic malignant pain: - ANSWER ✔ rapidily dividing cells associated
with cancer growth, invade and distort bone and other tissues causing quite
severe pain.
15.what type of anemia is iron deficiency anemia - ANSWER ✔ microcytic
hypochromic anemia
16.what is microcytic anemia - ANSWER ✔ - due to low MCV count
(measures average size and volume of a RBC)
- smaller due to lack of Hgb on RBC
17.what are the causes of iron deficiency anemia - ANSWER ✔ - blood loss
- poor GI absorption of iron
- inadequate iron in diet
18.what are the s/s of iron deficiency anemia - ANSWER ✔ - weakness
- pallor
- fatigue
- reduced exercise tolerance
- fissures at the corners of the mouth
- low Ferritin/ iron values (< 10ug/mL)
- microcytic anemia in chronic conditions
, 19.what are the different tx for iron deficiency anemia - ANSWER ✔ - oral
intake of food sources w/ iron: red or organ meat, egg yolks, kidney beans,
leafy green vegetables, raisins
- oral Iron supplements until Hgb levels return to normal (take w/ meals
if GI upset)
- iron solutions given parenterally
20.what does vit b12 do - ANSWER ✔ provides nourishment and ensures
normal functioning of brain and nerve cells, and maintains myelin sheath
21.what are the causes of vit b12 deficiency anemia - ANSWER ✔ - vegan
diets (or diet lacking proteins)
- malabsorption of vit B12: small bowel resection, chronic diarrhea,
diverticula, tapeworm, overgrowth of bacteria (ex: C-diff), pernicious
anemia, caused by lack of intrinsic factor due to chronic gastritis,
autoimmune disorder
22.what are the s/s of vit b12 deficiency anemia - ANSWER ✔ - pallor
- glossitis
- jaundice
- fatigue
- weight loss
- paresthesia
- macrocytic anemia (high MCV count and large and causes bone
marrow to make less RBC)
23.how do tx vit b12 deficiency anemia - ANSWER ✔ - teaching dietary
changes to include animal proteins, fish, eggs, nuts, dairy products, dried
beans, citrus fruit, and leafy vegetables
- vit supplements
- pernicious anemia: vit B12 injections wkly then mthly for the rest of
their lives
24.what causes folic acid deficiency anemia - ANSWER ✔ - poor nutrition:
lack of green leafy veg, liver, yeast, citrus fruits, dried beans, nuts
- malabsorption syndromes: crohn's disease (2nd most common cause)
- drugs: anticonvulsant or oral contraceptives
2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<NEWEST VERSION>
1. The operative experience is broken up into these three phases: - ANSWER
✔ (1) Preoperative, (2) Intraoperative, (3) Postoperative
2. The preoperative phase commences when: - ANSWER ✔ the decision for
surgery is made and ends when the patient is transferred to the surgical suite.
-The preoperative nurse takes on roles of educator, advocator, and admittance
nurse.
3. Components of the preoperative checklist: - ANSWER ✔ Includes but not
limited too:
-a full medical history
-assessment of the patient's health status
-paperwork necessary for intraoperative and postoperative care
-completion of preoperative orders (antibiotics, ted hose, ect.)
-patient education regarding the entire surgical process
-patient and witness sign the informed consent
-the initial "time-out" phase where the patient verifies information
4. Informed Consent - ANSWER ✔ is when a patient autonomously and
cognitively grants permission to a provider to perform a surgical procedure
after considering all alternatives, benefits, and risks.
-This is the role of the provider BUT the nurse is to ensure the patient has all
the information needed to make an informed decision.
5. Components of an informed consent: - ANSWER ✔ -a consent for the
procedure itself (should include: 1. name, type and reason for surgery, 2.
name of the surgeon to perform, 3. reason that intervention will benefit the
, patient, 4. all alternative options to surgery, 5. potential outcomes if surgery
is not performed)
-consent for anesthesia (this is the role of the anesthesiologist or the nurse
anesthetist to explain the type of anesthesia, risks, and meds used. The nurse's
role is to ensure the patient understands the information.)
6. -consent to administer blood products (must be witnessed by two people. In
emergency situations, a verbal consent is acceptable until after surgery for
paperwork. If no one is able to consent, two physicians must sign off on the
need for it.
7. A formal process of identification performed by the patient and the health-
care team to identify the correct patient, correct procedure, and correct
surgical site. - ANSWER ✔ Time-out, "Pause for Cause"
8. When and how many times does the time-out (Pause for Cause) occur? -
ANSWER ✔ Starts when the patient enters the facility and receives a
wristband with his/her information. After reviewing the wristband, the
patient confirms all the information is correct and name the procedure and
site. This is then performed again by the circulating nurse upon transfer to
the surgical suite and once more immediately preceding incision by the
entire team. The surgeon will then mark the surgical site with a permanent
marker.
9. Postoperative nursing management should include: - ANSWER ✔ -
assessment and monitoring of the patient's response to surgery and
anesthesia
-timely interventions to resolve problems, concerns, and needs of patients
(physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual)
-evaluation of these interventions including effects or adverse effects of
medications including opioids
-reassessment of the patient's condition
-evaluation of achievement of discharge criteria
10.Critical areas of assessment on admission to the PACU include: - ANSWER
✔ -vital signs
-pain level
-neurological function
-temperature and color of skin
-condition of dressings; assessing for bleeding and drainage
,-condition of visible incisions
-presence and patency of IV catheters, drains, and other catheters
-hydration status and fluid therapy
11.Acute pain: - ANSWER ✔ sudden in onset and usually of short duration,
presenting immediately following noxious stimuli and tissue damage and
continuing for several hours to several weeks. Ususally treatable.
12.Chronic pain: - ANSWER ✔ present for more than 3 to 6 months, with or
without obvious link to tissue injury. It is unpredictable and resistant to
many pain relieving therapies.
13.Persistent pain: - ANSWER ✔ acute or chronic pain that responds to some
therapeutic interventions but reoccurs when therapies reach the effective end
of their dose. Ex: wounds, arthritis, back pain, and some headaches.
14.Chronic malignant pain: - ANSWER ✔ rapidily dividing cells associated
with cancer growth, invade and distort bone and other tissues causing quite
severe pain.
15.what type of anemia is iron deficiency anemia - ANSWER ✔ microcytic
hypochromic anemia
16.what is microcytic anemia - ANSWER ✔ - due to low MCV count
(measures average size and volume of a RBC)
- smaller due to lack of Hgb on RBC
17.what are the causes of iron deficiency anemia - ANSWER ✔ - blood loss
- poor GI absorption of iron
- inadequate iron in diet
18.what are the s/s of iron deficiency anemia - ANSWER ✔ - weakness
- pallor
- fatigue
- reduced exercise tolerance
- fissures at the corners of the mouth
- low Ferritin/ iron values (< 10ug/mL)
- microcytic anemia in chronic conditions
, 19.what are the different tx for iron deficiency anemia - ANSWER ✔ - oral
intake of food sources w/ iron: red or organ meat, egg yolks, kidney beans,
leafy green vegetables, raisins
- oral Iron supplements until Hgb levels return to normal (take w/ meals
if GI upset)
- iron solutions given parenterally
20.what does vit b12 do - ANSWER ✔ provides nourishment and ensures
normal functioning of brain and nerve cells, and maintains myelin sheath
21.what are the causes of vit b12 deficiency anemia - ANSWER ✔ - vegan
diets (or diet lacking proteins)
- malabsorption of vit B12: small bowel resection, chronic diarrhea,
diverticula, tapeworm, overgrowth of bacteria (ex: C-diff), pernicious
anemia, caused by lack of intrinsic factor due to chronic gastritis,
autoimmune disorder
22.what are the s/s of vit b12 deficiency anemia - ANSWER ✔ - pallor
- glossitis
- jaundice
- fatigue
- weight loss
- paresthesia
- macrocytic anemia (high MCV count and large and causes bone
marrow to make less RBC)
23.how do tx vit b12 deficiency anemia - ANSWER ✔ - teaching dietary
changes to include animal proteins, fish, eggs, nuts, dairy products, dried
beans, citrus fruit, and leafy vegetables
- vit supplements
- pernicious anemia: vit B12 injections wkly then mthly for the rest of
their lives
24.what causes folic acid deficiency anemia - ANSWER ✔ - poor nutrition:
lack of green leafy veg, liver, yeast, citrus fruits, dried beans, nuts
- malabsorption syndromes: crohn's disease (2nd most common cause)
- drugs: anticonvulsant or oral contraceptives
