BI 232: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance -
Review Questions 2026 Guide
1. What factor contributes to the higher percentage of b) Lower body fat
water in a infant's body compared to an elderly per-
son?
a) Increased adipose tissue
b) Lower body fat
c) Higher muscle mass
d) Decreased metabolic rate
2. The fluid located within the spaces between cells, ex- Interstitial
cluding blood plasma, is known as fluid.
3. Name the two primary fluid compartments within the Intracellular fluid (ICF)
body. and Extracellular fluid
(ECF).
4. Which of the following best describes the role of elec- c) They dissociate into ions
trolytes in body fluids? and conduct electrical cur-
a) They act as non-dissociating solutes. rents.
b) They contribute minimally to osmotic pressure.
c) They dissociate into ions and conduct electrical
currents.
d) They primarily consist of organic molecules like
glucose.
5. The movement of water across a semipermeable Osmosis
membrane from a region of lower solute concentra-
tion to a region of higher solute concentration is called
.
6. What is the main cation found in extracellular fluid? Sodium (Na+).
7. b) Osmotic gradients
, BI 232: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance -
Review Questions 2026 Guide
What is the primary factor that regulates fluid move-
ment between the intracellular and extracellular fluid
compartments?
a) Hydrostatic pressure
b) Osmotic gradients
c) Capillary permeability
d) Lymphatic drainage
8. The majority of body water, approximately two-thirds, Intracellular
is located within the fluid compartment.
9. What are the two main sub-compartments of extracel- Plasma and interstitial flu-
lular fluid? id.
10. Which of the following is true regarding nonelec- c) They have covalent
trolytes? bonds and do not dissoci-
a) They dissociate into ions in water. ate in water.
b) They conduct electrical currents.
c) They have covalent bonds and do not dissociate in
water.
d) They contribute significantly to osmotic pressure.
11. Sodium and potassium ion concentrations are main- Sodium-potassium
tained by cellular . pumps
12. What is the major anion found in intracellular fluid? Hydrogen phosphate
13. What is the primary method by which the body regu- b) The thirst mechanism
lates water intake?
a) Monitoring sodium levels
b) The thirst mechanism
c) Measuring urine output
d) Detecting changes in body temperature
, BI 232: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance -
Review Questions 2026 Guide
14. Water loss that is noticeable and measurable, such as Sensible
through urine or sweat, is termed water loss.
15. List two stimuli that activate the hypothalamic thirst Increased ECF osmolali-
center. ty, dry mouth, decreased
blood volume/pressure.
16. Which hormone plays a key role in regulating water c) Antidiuretic hormone
output by influencing the permeability of renal collect- (ADH)
ing ducts?
a) Aldosterone
b) Insulin
c) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
d) Cortisol
17. The minimum amount of water loss necessary to elim- Obligatory
inate metabolic waste products is referred to as
water loss.
18. What is the main effect of ADH on the kidneys? It increases water reab-
sorption in the collecting
ducts.
19. What condition results from excessive water intake b) Hypotonic hydration
and dilution of extracellular fluids, leading to cell
swelling?
a) Dehydration
b) Hypotonic hydration
c) Edema
d) Hypernatremia
20. Baroreceptors
Review Questions 2026 Guide
1. What factor contributes to the higher percentage of b) Lower body fat
water in a infant's body compared to an elderly per-
son?
a) Increased adipose tissue
b) Lower body fat
c) Higher muscle mass
d) Decreased metabolic rate
2. The fluid located within the spaces between cells, ex- Interstitial
cluding blood plasma, is known as fluid.
3. Name the two primary fluid compartments within the Intracellular fluid (ICF)
body. and Extracellular fluid
(ECF).
4. Which of the following best describes the role of elec- c) They dissociate into ions
trolytes in body fluids? and conduct electrical cur-
a) They act as non-dissociating solutes. rents.
b) They contribute minimally to osmotic pressure.
c) They dissociate into ions and conduct electrical
currents.
d) They primarily consist of organic molecules like
glucose.
5. The movement of water across a semipermeable Osmosis
membrane from a region of lower solute concentra-
tion to a region of higher solute concentration is called
.
6. What is the main cation found in extracellular fluid? Sodium (Na+).
7. b) Osmotic gradients
, BI 232: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance -
Review Questions 2026 Guide
What is the primary factor that regulates fluid move-
ment between the intracellular and extracellular fluid
compartments?
a) Hydrostatic pressure
b) Osmotic gradients
c) Capillary permeability
d) Lymphatic drainage
8. The majority of body water, approximately two-thirds, Intracellular
is located within the fluid compartment.
9. What are the two main sub-compartments of extracel- Plasma and interstitial flu-
lular fluid? id.
10. Which of the following is true regarding nonelec- c) They have covalent
trolytes? bonds and do not dissoci-
a) They dissociate into ions in water. ate in water.
b) They conduct electrical currents.
c) They have covalent bonds and do not dissociate in
water.
d) They contribute significantly to osmotic pressure.
11. Sodium and potassium ion concentrations are main- Sodium-potassium
tained by cellular . pumps
12. What is the major anion found in intracellular fluid? Hydrogen phosphate
13. What is the primary method by which the body regu- b) The thirst mechanism
lates water intake?
a) Monitoring sodium levels
b) The thirst mechanism
c) Measuring urine output
d) Detecting changes in body temperature
, BI 232: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance -
Review Questions 2026 Guide
14. Water loss that is noticeable and measurable, such as Sensible
through urine or sweat, is termed water loss.
15. List two stimuli that activate the hypothalamic thirst Increased ECF osmolali-
center. ty, dry mouth, decreased
blood volume/pressure.
16. Which hormone plays a key role in regulating water c) Antidiuretic hormone
output by influencing the permeability of renal collect- (ADH)
ing ducts?
a) Aldosterone
b) Insulin
c) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
d) Cortisol
17. The minimum amount of water loss necessary to elim- Obligatory
inate metabolic waste products is referred to as
water loss.
18. What is the main effect of ADH on the kidneys? It increases water reab-
sorption in the collecting
ducts.
19. What condition results from excessive water intake b) Hypotonic hydration
and dilution of extracellular fluids, leading to cell
swelling?
a) Dehydration
b) Hypotonic hydration
c) Edema
d) Hypernatremia
20. Baroreceptors
