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Samenvatting Hoogrisico Verloskunde (declercq)

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HOOGRISICO VERLOS – DECLERCQ
1) pprom .............................................................................................................................. 3
Algemeen ........................................................................................................................................3
Prematuriteit ....................................................................................................................................3
Overlevingskansen en complicaties ..................................................................................................3
Risico’s en neonatale consequenties ................................................................................................4
Beloop zwangerschap na pPROM ......................................................................................................4
Beloop .............................................................................................................................................5
Etiologie...........................................................................................................................................5
Investigatie bij opname .....................................................................................................................6
Beleid wordt bepaald door de volgende factoren ................................................................................8
Verder verblijf ...................................................................................................................................8
Complicaties ...................................................................................................................................9
Doelstelling......................................................................................................................................9
Beleid pPROM Aacidexam ® en Tocolyse ............................................................................................9
Beleid pPROM antibioticum profylaxe ................................................................................................9
Beleid pPROM (verdenking op) intra-uteriene infectie ....................................................................... 10
Medicamenteuze therapie .............................................................................................................. 10
Medicamenteuze therapie bij infecties ............................................................................................ 11
Medicamenteuze therapie INDIEN GEEN TEKENEN VAN CHORIOAMNIONITIS minder dan 34 weken .. 11
Indien tekenen van chorioamnionitis ............................................................................................... 15
2) Mors in Utero (MIU) ..........................................................................................................18
Definitie ......................................................................................................................................... 18
Etiologie......................................................................................................................................... 18
Oorzaken ....................................................................................................................................... 18
Diagnostiek .................................................................................................................................... 19
Na het vaststellen van MIU .............................................................................................................. 19
Bij de geboorte ............................................................................................................................... 20
Opname ........................................................................................................................................ 20
Technische procedure .................................................................................................................... 20
Opname na 28 wk ........................................................................................................................... 24
Uitvoering van de inductie ............................................................................................................... 24
Aangifte ......................................................................................................................................... 27
3) Termination of pregnancy (TOP)........................................................................................28
Bij malforatie of een genetisch probleem ......................................................................................... 28
Foetocide ...................................................................................................................................... 28

, Opname ........................................................................................................................................ 28
Aangifte ......................................................................................................................................... 29
Bewaring van foetus ....................................................................................................................... 30
4) Zwangerschapsdermatosen.............................................................................................31
Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................... 31
Zwangerschap................................................................................................................................ 31
Soorten .......................................................................................................................................... 33
Jeuk ............................................................................................................................................... 33
Diagnostisch proces ....................................................................................................................... 33
Pemphigoid gestationis .................................................................................................................. 33
Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy PUPPP ............................................................. 36
Prurigo gestationis (‘prurigo of pregnancy’) ...................................................................................... 38
Pruritische zwangerschapsfolliculitis (‘pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy’) ........................................... 39
Impetigo herpetiformis ................................................................................................................... 40
Zwangerschapscholestase ............................................................................................................. 42
Uitleg ............................................................................................................................................. 46

,1) PPROM
ALGEMEEN

• (P)PROM : Preterm Prelabour Rupture of Membranes
• PPROM ≤ 37 weken
• PROM ≥ 37 weken
• Dit geldt voor 8 à 10% van de zwangerschappen
• Gaat spontaan in arbeid 75% dan dient men de partus te aanvaarden
• Gaat niet spontaan in arbeid: rust en medicatie



PREMATURITEIT

• Vroeggeboorte is één van de belangrijkste oorzaken van perinatale morbiditeit en mortaliteit in de
geïndustrialiseerde landen en brengt een aanzienlijke maatschappelijke kost met zich mee.
• Zuigelingen die (veel) te vroeg geboren worden en zich op de rand van levensvatbaarheid
bevinden, overleven vaker door de toename van technologische neonatale
interventiemogelijkheden.
• Vóór het wijdverspreid gebruik van geassisteerde ventilatie waren de overlevingskansen van
baby’s vóór 28 weken geboren quasi nihil. Zij overleden aan respiratoire stress door de
afwezigheid van surfactant.
• NU overleven deze baby’s door het gebruik van antenatale corticoïden, geassisteerde ventilatie,
en exogene toediening van surfactant.



OVERLEVINGSKANSEN EN COMPLICATIES

• De overlevingskansen en uitkomsten van de prematuur zijn vnl. afhankelijk van de
zwangerschapsduur.
• De uitkomst voor een neonaat geboren op meer dan 32 weken zijn dezelfde voor de à terme
baby’s.
• De meeste problemen t.g.v. prematuriteit situeren zich bij de 1-2% die geboren wordt op minder
dan 28 weken en de 0.4% die geboren wordt op minder dan 24 weken.
• Het zijn deze extreme prematuren die een belangrijke risicogroep zijn voor
gezondheidscomplicaties:
o Respiratory Distress Syndroom (RDS)
o Intraventriculaire bloedingen (IVH: intraventricular hemorrage)
o Cerebral palsy
o Frequenter leermoeilijkheden, concentratiestoornissen en gedragsproblemen

, RISICO’S EN NEONATALE CONSEQUENTIES

• Infecties
- Chorio-amnionitis
- Systemetische maternele infectie vb griep


• Premature partus
- Morbiditeit door prematuriteit


• Foetale nood
- Navelstrengprolaps
- Abruptio placentae


• Oligohydramnion
- Gelaatsafwijkingen, contracturen, longhypoplasie, groeirestrictie


BELOOP ZWANGERSCHAP NA PPROM

• Bevalling na pPROM in preterme periode
o 50-75% binnen de 3 dagen
o 60 – 80% binnen de week


• Neonatale overleving na pPROM afh van de zwangerschapsduur
o 16-20 weken 15% neonatale overleving
o 20-23 weken 30%
o 24-27 weken 60%


• Kans op chorio-amnionitis is 50%

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