LPN/LVN Nursing Fundamentals Study Guide 2026 |UPDATE| SBON
1. Which step of the nursing process involves the systematic collection of data?
A. Assessment
B. Implementation
C. Planning
D. Evaluation
Answer: A
Rationale: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process and involves gathering
subjective and objective data about the patient.
2. The nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing difficulty swallowing.
Which term should the nurse use to document this finding?
A. Dyspnea
B. Dysphagia
C. Dysphasia
D. Dystonia
Answer: B
Rationale: Dysphagia refers to difficulty swallowing, whereas dysphasia refers to difficulty
with speech.
,3. Which ethical principle refers to the nurse’s obligation to do no harm to the
patient?
A. Beneficence
B. Justice
C. Autonomy
D. Nonmaleficence
Answer: D
Rationale: Nonmaleficence is the duty to do no harm, while beneficence is the duty to do
good.
4. When a patient is on airborne precautions for tuberculosis, which personal
protective equipment (PPE) is mandatory?
A. N95 respirator
B. Surgical mask
C. Gown and gloves only
D. Face shield
Answer: A
Rationale: Airborne precautions require the use of a HEPA or N95 respirator to filter out
small droplets.
5. A nurse is measuring a patient’s blood pressure and finds it to be 150/95
mmHg. This is classified as:
A. Hypertension Stage 2
B. Elevated
C. Normal
D. Hypotension
Answer: A
Rationale: According to standard guidelines, a systolic BP over 140 or diastolic over 90 is
considered Stage 2 Hypertension.
, 6. What is the most effective method for preventing the transmission of
healthcare-associated infections?
A. Wearing gloves at all times
B. Administering prophylactic antibiotics
C. Performing proper hand hygiene
D. Isolating all elderly patients
Answer: C
Rationale: Hand hygiene is the single most important practice to prevent the spread of
pathogens in healthcare settings.
7. A patient reports a pain level of 8 on a scale of 0 to 10. This type of data is
known as:
A. Objective data
B. Analytical data
C. Subjective data
D. Primary data
Answer: C
Rationale: Subjective data are things the patient tells the nurse, such as pain, which cannot
be measured directly by the nurse.
8. Which position is most appropriate for a patient receiving a rectal enema?
A. High-Fowler’s position
B. Prone position
C. Supine position
D. Left Sims’ position
Answer: D
Rationale: The Left Sims’ position allows the enema solution to flow downward by gravity
into the sigmoid colon.
1. Which step of the nursing process involves the systematic collection of data?
A. Assessment
B. Implementation
C. Planning
D. Evaluation
Answer: A
Rationale: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process and involves gathering
subjective and objective data about the patient.
2. The nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing difficulty swallowing.
Which term should the nurse use to document this finding?
A. Dyspnea
B. Dysphagia
C. Dysphasia
D. Dystonia
Answer: B
Rationale: Dysphagia refers to difficulty swallowing, whereas dysphasia refers to difficulty
with speech.
,3. Which ethical principle refers to the nurse’s obligation to do no harm to the
patient?
A. Beneficence
B. Justice
C. Autonomy
D. Nonmaleficence
Answer: D
Rationale: Nonmaleficence is the duty to do no harm, while beneficence is the duty to do
good.
4. When a patient is on airborne precautions for tuberculosis, which personal
protective equipment (PPE) is mandatory?
A. N95 respirator
B. Surgical mask
C. Gown and gloves only
D. Face shield
Answer: A
Rationale: Airborne precautions require the use of a HEPA or N95 respirator to filter out
small droplets.
5. A nurse is measuring a patient’s blood pressure and finds it to be 150/95
mmHg. This is classified as:
A. Hypertension Stage 2
B. Elevated
C. Normal
D. Hypotension
Answer: A
Rationale: According to standard guidelines, a systolic BP over 140 or diastolic over 90 is
considered Stage 2 Hypertension.
, 6. What is the most effective method for preventing the transmission of
healthcare-associated infections?
A. Wearing gloves at all times
B. Administering prophylactic antibiotics
C. Performing proper hand hygiene
D. Isolating all elderly patients
Answer: C
Rationale: Hand hygiene is the single most important practice to prevent the spread of
pathogens in healthcare settings.
7. A patient reports a pain level of 8 on a scale of 0 to 10. This type of data is
known as:
A. Objective data
B. Analytical data
C. Subjective data
D. Primary data
Answer: C
Rationale: Subjective data are things the patient tells the nurse, such as pain, which cannot
be measured directly by the nurse.
8. Which position is most appropriate for a patient receiving a rectal enema?
A. High-Fowler’s position
B. Prone position
C. Supine position
D. Left Sims’ position
Answer: D
Rationale: The Left Sims’ position allows the enema solution to flow downward by gravity
into the sigmoid colon.
