Maryville NURS 611 Comprehensive Exam 2 Review
2026 | Pathophysiology
1. What is the central component of the pathogenic model of MS?
Myelination of nerve fibers in the pNS
Inherited autosomal dominant trait with high penetrance
Development of neurofibrillary tangles in the CNS
Demyelination of nerve fibers in the CNS
2. What is the name of the degenerative disorder that primarily affects the basal
ganglia?
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
Multiple sclerosis
Huntington's disease
3. Which degenerative disease results from a dysfunction of basal ganglia
components?
Epilepsy
Meningitis
Parkinson's disease
Schizophrenia
4. Multiple sclerosis is
autoimmune attack of the myelin sheaths covering motor and
sensory axons within CNS
, viral infection of motor neurons in the spinal cord leading to weak
muscles and paralysis
CNS degeneration of motor neurons only
chronic disorder characterized by recurrent seizures
5. Describe the primary factors contributing to the development of presbycusis.
Presbycusis is linked to genetic predispositions only.
Presbycusis is caused by infections in the middle ear.
Presbycusis is primarily caused by age-related changes in the inner
ear and auditory nerve.
Presbycusis results from exposure to high-frequency sounds during
youth.
6. Which of the following is an indicator of favorable prognosis with MS?
Complete, rapid remission
cerebellar involvement
>40
poly-symptoms
7. If a new treatment for Guillain-Barre syndrome reduces the incidence of
respiratory failure, what impact might this have on the percentage of patients
requiring ventilator support?
The percentage of patients requiring ventilator support would remain
unchanged.
The percentage of patients requiring ventilator support would likely
decrease.
, The percentage of patients requiring ventilator support would
become irrelevant.
The percentage of patients requiring ventilator support would likely
increase.
8. In a clinical scenario, if a patient presents with a concussion and subsequent
symptoms affecting widespread brain function, which classification of brain
injury would this likely fall under?
Acute injury
Focal injury
Diffuse injury
Chronic injury
9. If a patient with a spinal cord injury experiences autonomic hyperreflexia
after a catheterization procedure, what might be the underlying cause?
Irritation of the bladder or urinary tract
Medication side effects
Low oxygen levels
Increased physical activity
10. What is the characteristic symptom of cluster headache?
Occipital headache
Bilateral dull headache
Unilateral throbbing headache
Severe unilateral periorbital pain
, 11. What condition in Parkinson's disease is caused by the depletion of
dopamine in the hypothalamus?
Dementia
All of the above
Autonomic dysfunction
None of the above
Cognition deficit
12. Describe the significance of walking problems in the context of multiple
sclerosis progression.
Walking problems indicate a worsening of the disease and can lead
to increased disability.
Walking problems are unrelated to the severity of multiple sclerosis.
Walking problems only occur in the later stages of multiple sclerosis.
Walking problems are a temporary symptom that does not affect
overall disease progression.
13. What is the pathology of Parkinson's disease?
Accumulation of neurofibrillary tau tangles & beta-amyloid plaques in
the brain
Damage to upper/lower motor neurons
Demyelination of axons in the CNS
Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra
14. The common presenting symptoms of myasthenia gravis include all of the
following except:
2026 | Pathophysiology
1. What is the central component of the pathogenic model of MS?
Myelination of nerve fibers in the pNS
Inherited autosomal dominant trait with high penetrance
Development of neurofibrillary tangles in the CNS
Demyelination of nerve fibers in the CNS
2. What is the name of the degenerative disorder that primarily affects the basal
ganglia?
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
Multiple sclerosis
Huntington's disease
3. Which degenerative disease results from a dysfunction of basal ganglia
components?
Epilepsy
Meningitis
Parkinson's disease
Schizophrenia
4. Multiple sclerosis is
autoimmune attack of the myelin sheaths covering motor and
sensory axons within CNS
, viral infection of motor neurons in the spinal cord leading to weak
muscles and paralysis
CNS degeneration of motor neurons only
chronic disorder characterized by recurrent seizures
5. Describe the primary factors contributing to the development of presbycusis.
Presbycusis is linked to genetic predispositions only.
Presbycusis is caused by infections in the middle ear.
Presbycusis is primarily caused by age-related changes in the inner
ear and auditory nerve.
Presbycusis results from exposure to high-frequency sounds during
youth.
6. Which of the following is an indicator of favorable prognosis with MS?
Complete, rapid remission
cerebellar involvement
>40
poly-symptoms
7. If a new treatment for Guillain-Barre syndrome reduces the incidence of
respiratory failure, what impact might this have on the percentage of patients
requiring ventilator support?
The percentage of patients requiring ventilator support would remain
unchanged.
The percentage of patients requiring ventilator support would likely
decrease.
, The percentage of patients requiring ventilator support would
become irrelevant.
The percentage of patients requiring ventilator support would likely
increase.
8. In a clinical scenario, if a patient presents with a concussion and subsequent
symptoms affecting widespread brain function, which classification of brain
injury would this likely fall under?
Acute injury
Focal injury
Diffuse injury
Chronic injury
9. If a patient with a spinal cord injury experiences autonomic hyperreflexia
after a catheterization procedure, what might be the underlying cause?
Irritation of the bladder or urinary tract
Medication side effects
Low oxygen levels
Increased physical activity
10. What is the characteristic symptom of cluster headache?
Occipital headache
Bilateral dull headache
Unilateral throbbing headache
Severe unilateral periorbital pain
, 11. What condition in Parkinson's disease is caused by the depletion of
dopamine in the hypothalamus?
Dementia
All of the above
Autonomic dysfunction
None of the above
Cognition deficit
12. Describe the significance of walking problems in the context of multiple
sclerosis progression.
Walking problems indicate a worsening of the disease and can lead
to increased disability.
Walking problems are unrelated to the severity of multiple sclerosis.
Walking problems only occur in the later stages of multiple sclerosis.
Walking problems are a temporary symptom that does not affect
overall disease progression.
13. What is the pathology of Parkinson's disease?
Accumulation of neurofibrillary tau tangles & beta-amyloid plaques in
the brain
Damage to upper/lower motor neurons
Demyelination of axons in the CNS
Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra
14. The common presenting symptoms of myasthenia gravis include all of the
following except:
