NURSING 205 EXAM 2 HONDROS ACTUAL
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ 3 processes of urine formation
Answer: 1. glomerular filtration
2. tubular reabsorption
3. tubular secretion
◉ Glomerular filtration
Answer: The first step in urine formation in which substances in
blood pass through the filtration membrane and the filtrate enters
the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron.
◉ Tubular reabsorption
Answer: Process of reabsorbing water and electrolytes back into the
blood
◉ Tubular secretion
Answer: selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal
tubules and collecting ducts
,◉ Urinary incontinence
1. Stress
Answer: Leakage of small amounts of urine during physical
movement - ie. coughing, sneezing, exercising.
◉ Urinary incontinence
2. Urge
Answer: leakage of small amounts of urine at UNEXPECTED times -
ie. during sleep
◉ Urinary incontinence
3. Functional
Answer: Untimely urination because of physical disability, external
obstacles, or cognitive problems that prevent from reaching the
toilet.
◉ Urinary incontinence
4. Overflow
Answer: Unexpected leakage of small amounts of urine due to full
bladder
◉ Urinary incontinence
,5. Transient
Answer: Leakage that occurs temporarily because of a situation that
will pass - ie. UTI, infection, pregnancy, cold with coughing.
◉ Urinary incontinence
6. Reflex
Answer: Involuntary loss of urine occurring at predictable intervals
when patient reaches bladder volume - ie. spinal cord damage, loss
of urge to void.
◉ Nursing interventions for constipation
Answer: Sitting in chair, walking
Increase fluids, and fiber
◉ Elimination discomfort exemplars
Answer: Anal fissure
anorectal abscess
hemorrhoids
interstitial cystitis
pilonidal cyst
urolithiasis
, ◉ Elimination infection and inflammation exemplars
Answer: GI:
Infection-- C. Diff
Inflammation--IBD, UC, Crohns
Urinary:
Infection--UTI, kidney infection, pyelonephritis, kidney stones
◉ Colorectal risk factors
Answer: Over age 50
Race - African American have highest rates
Diet - intake of animal fats and red meat
◉ Type 1 diabetes
Answer: -no insulin is produced
-usually diagnosed in childhood
-cells are starved of glucose since there is no insulin to bring into the
cells
-cells break down protein and fat into energy causing ketones to
build up - acidosis
◉ Type 1 signs and symptoms
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ 3 processes of urine formation
Answer: 1. glomerular filtration
2. tubular reabsorption
3. tubular secretion
◉ Glomerular filtration
Answer: The first step in urine formation in which substances in
blood pass through the filtration membrane and the filtrate enters
the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron.
◉ Tubular reabsorption
Answer: Process of reabsorbing water and electrolytes back into the
blood
◉ Tubular secretion
Answer: selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal
tubules and collecting ducts
,◉ Urinary incontinence
1. Stress
Answer: Leakage of small amounts of urine during physical
movement - ie. coughing, sneezing, exercising.
◉ Urinary incontinence
2. Urge
Answer: leakage of small amounts of urine at UNEXPECTED times -
ie. during sleep
◉ Urinary incontinence
3. Functional
Answer: Untimely urination because of physical disability, external
obstacles, or cognitive problems that prevent from reaching the
toilet.
◉ Urinary incontinence
4. Overflow
Answer: Unexpected leakage of small amounts of urine due to full
bladder
◉ Urinary incontinence
,5. Transient
Answer: Leakage that occurs temporarily because of a situation that
will pass - ie. UTI, infection, pregnancy, cold with coughing.
◉ Urinary incontinence
6. Reflex
Answer: Involuntary loss of urine occurring at predictable intervals
when patient reaches bladder volume - ie. spinal cord damage, loss
of urge to void.
◉ Nursing interventions for constipation
Answer: Sitting in chair, walking
Increase fluids, and fiber
◉ Elimination discomfort exemplars
Answer: Anal fissure
anorectal abscess
hemorrhoids
interstitial cystitis
pilonidal cyst
urolithiasis
, ◉ Elimination infection and inflammation exemplars
Answer: GI:
Infection-- C. Diff
Inflammation--IBD, UC, Crohns
Urinary:
Infection--UTI, kidney infection, pyelonephritis, kidney stones
◉ Colorectal risk factors
Answer: Over age 50
Race - African American have highest rates
Diet - intake of animal fats and red meat
◉ Type 1 diabetes
Answer: -no insulin is produced
-usually diagnosed in childhood
-cells are starved of glucose since there is no insulin to bring into the
cells
-cells break down protein and fat into energy causing ketones to
build up - acidosis
◉ Type 1 signs and symptoms
