CANADIAN DIABETES EDUCATOR EXAM
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS CERTIFICATION EVALUATION
GRADED A+
⩥ Prediabetes (i.e. at high risk for developing diabetes) - A1C.
Answer: 6-6.4%
⩥ what medical conditions can cause A1C results to be misleading?.
Answer: -hemoglobinopathies
-iron deficiencies
-hemolytic anemia
-severe hepatic or renal disease
⩥ Impaired Fasting glucose (IFG).
Answer: FPG - 6.1-6.9mmol/L
⩥ Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).
Answer: OGTT (w/ 75g of glucose) 7.8-11mmol/L
⩥ Screening for T1D is .....
,Answer: NOT recommended
⩥ Screening recommendations for T2D.
Answer: use FPG and/or A1c every 3 years in individuals >/=40yo or in
individuals at high risk (using risk calculator)
⩥ macrosomic infant.
Answer: infant that weighs over 8lbs at birth
⩥ microvascular complications.
Answer: retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy
⩥ macrovascular complications.
Answer: coronary, cerebrovascular, peripheral
⩥ Pharmacological therapies for PREVENTION of T2D (include by
how much % it is reduced by).
Answer: 1. Metformin (~30%)
2. Acarbose (~30%)
3. Thiazolidinediones (~60%)
⩥ ACCORD, ADVANCE and VADT were the three major trials that
concluded what?.
,Answer: intensive glycemic control - lowering A1C <6% resulted in
higher mortality, severe episodes of hypoglycemia - therefore targets
should individualized!!
⩥ TARGET for A1C, FPG and RPG for MOST Diabetic (T1D and T2D)
patients?.
Answer: A1c <7mmol/L
FPG 4-7mmol/L
PPG 5-10mmol/L (5-8mmol/L if A1c target not achieved)
⩥ Who should have target of A1c <6.5%.
Answer: in T2D to further decrease risk of nephropathy and retinopathy
(ensure there is a balance so as not to cause HYPOGLYCEMIA)
⩥ Who should have target of 7.1-8.5% (7).
Answer: 1. limited life expectancy
2. High level of functional dependency
3. severe coronary artery disease/ increased risk for ischemic events
4. multiple comorbidities
5. HX of recurrent severe hypoglycemic episodes
6. hypoglycemic unawareness
7. Long standing diabetes that is difficult to reduce A1c<7% - despite
appropriate treatments
, ⩥ How and when should verification of the accuracy of SMBG monitors
be done? What is the acceptable difference?.
Answer: When: annually or when A1C results do not match
How: comparing FPG machine results with FPG from lab measurements
acceptable difference is 20%
⩥ If on insulin and planning exercise. What is the BG to watch out for to
prevent HYPOglycemia? What should be done if BG is at or past cut
off?.
Answer: BG < 5.5mmol/L
Take 15-30g of carbs PRE-exercise
⩥ exercise recommendation for diabetes?.
Answer: 150min/week of moderate intensity aerobic exercise spread
over 3 days with no more than 2 days of sedentary
2-3 times per week of resistance training
⩥ How well can nutrition therapy reduce A1C?.
Answer: Can reduce A1C by 1-2%
⩥ carbohydrates recommendation.
Answer: no less than 130g/d (to maintain glucose to brain)
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS CERTIFICATION EVALUATION
GRADED A+
⩥ Prediabetes (i.e. at high risk for developing diabetes) - A1C.
Answer: 6-6.4%
⩥ what medical conditions can cause A1C results to be misleading?.
Answer: -hemoglobinopathies
-iron deficiencies
-hemolytic anemia
-severe hepatic or renal disease
⩥ Impaired Fasting glucose (IFG).
Answer: FPG - 6.1-6.9mmol/L
⩥ Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).
Answer: OGTT (w/ 75g of glucose) 7.8-11mmol/L
⩥ Screening for T1D is .....
,Answer: NOT recommended
⩥ Screening recommendations for T2D.
Answer: use FPG and/or A1c every 3 years in individuals >/=40yo or in
individuals at high risk (using risk calculator)
⩥ macrosomic infant.
Answer: infant that weighs over 8lbs at birth
⩥ microvascular complications.
Answer: retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy
⩥ macrovascular complications.
Answer: coronary, cerebrovascular, peripheral
⩥ Pharmacological therapies for PREVENTION of T2D (include by
how much % it is reduced by).
Answer: 1. Metformin (~30%)
2. Acarbose (~30%)
3. Thiazolidinediones (~60%)
⩥ ACCORD, ADVANCE and VADT were the three major trials that
concluded what?.
,Answer: intensive glycemic control - lowering A1C <6% resulted in
higher mortality, severe episodes of hypoglycemia - therefore targets
should individualized!!
⩥ TARGET for A1C, FPG and RPG for MOST Diabetic (T1D and T2D)
patients?.
Answer: A1c <7mmol/L
FPG 4-7mmol/L
PPG 5-10mmol/L (5-8mmol/L if A1c target not achieved)
⩥ Who should have target of A1c <6.5%.
Answer: in T2D to further decrease risk of nephropathy and retinopathy
(ensure there is a balance so as not to cause HYPOGLYCEMIA)
⩥ Who should have target of 7.1-8.5% (7).
Answer: 1. limited life expectancy
2. High level of functional dependency
3. severe coronary artery disease/ increased risk for ischemic events
4. multiple comorbidities
5. HX of recurrent severe hypoglycemic episodes
6. hypoglycemic unawareness
7. Long standing diabetes that is difficult to reduce A1c<7% - despite
appropriate treatments
, ⩥ How and when should verification of the accuracy of SMBG monitors
be done? What is the acceptable difference?.
Answer: When: annually or when A1C results do not match
How: comparing FPG machine results with FPG from lab measurements
acceptable difference is 20%
⩥ If on insulin and planning exercise. What is the BG to watch out for to
prevent HYPOglycemia? What should be done if BG is at or past cut
off?.
Answer: BG < 5.5mmol/L
Take 15-30g of carbs PRE-exercise
⩥ exercise recommendation for diabetes?.
Answer: 150min/week of moderate intensity aerobic exercise spread
over 3 days with no more than 2 days of sedentary
2-3 times per week of resistance training
⩥ How well can nutrition therapy reduce A1C?.
Answer: Can reduce A1C by 1-2%
⩥ carbohydrates recommendation.
Answer: no less than 130g/d (to maintain glucose to brain)
