NUR 631 Midterm and Final Exam Prep
Test Bank 1 with 350 Exam Questions
and Correct Answers 100% Guaranteed
to Pass!!
The PT time and INR measure what? - Answer--extrinsic pathway
The extrinsic pathway is initiated by - Answer--tissue factor III
Breast cancer in women who have the breast cancer gene - Answer--occurs at an
earlier age
Which leukemia demonstrates the Philedelphia chromosome? - Answer--CML
Which leukemia has the best prognosis? - Answer--ALL
What causes a hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia? - Answer--TNF (tumor
necrosis factor)
What are proto-onocogenes? - Answer--Normal cellular genes that promote growth
What is the major cause of death from leukemic disease? - Answer--Infection
The primary source of erythropoietin is... - Answer--The kidney
What is the largest cyctoplasmic organelle? - Answer--Nucleus
Which organelle contains the DNA? - Answer--Nucelus
Where is the nucleolus?****** - Answer--In the nucleus
Where is RNA stored?******* - Answer--Nucleolus
What is known as the GI tract of the cell and is coated with ribosomes? -
Answer--Rough endoplasmic reticulum
What do the ribosomes do? - Answer--Make proteins
,Which organlle is responsible for lipid metabolism?******
Abdundant in the muscle for calcium release - Answer--Smooth ER
Which organelle stores calcium and detoxes alcohol from the cell? ****** -
Answer--Smooth ER
Which organelle is responsible for folding proteins and has cisternae? -
Answer--Golgi apparatus
Which organelle is the garbage collector and uses enzymes to digest cellular waste?
- Answer--Lysosomes
What organelle is located in the cytoplasm and is responsible for ATP production? -
Answer--Mitochondria
What are the functions of the plasma membrane? - Answer--transport nutrients and
waste products, generate membrane potentials, recognition, communication and
growth regulation of cells
What composes the phospholipid bilayer? - Answer--Hydrophobic head and
hydrophillic tail
What can pass the bilayer by simple diffusion? - Answer--Gases, fat soluable
vitamins and water
what cant pass by simple diffusion? - Answer--glucose, sucrose and ions (hydrogen,
sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium)
what must polar charged molecules use to cross the bilayer? - Answer--carriers,
proteins or pumps
what is facilitated diffusion? - Answer--diffusion (high concentration to low
concentration) but with transmembrane proteins
What is a GLUT protein transporter to transport glucose an example of? -
Answer--Facilitated diffusion
Uses combined effects of concentration and electrical gradients -
Answer--Electrochemical gradient
What kind of cellular receptor is the sodium potassium pump? - Answer--Na K Pump
The three types of carrier proteins are - Answer--Symporter, antiporter and uniporter
,Moves molecules against concentration gradient using energy - Answer--Primary
active transport
Uses primary active transport as a tool - Answer--secondary active transport
resting membrane potential - Answer---70mV
Action potential steps: - Answer--1. resting potential
2. sodium rushes into cell (depolarization)
3. absolute refractory point is hit
4. potassium rushes out of cell to lower concentration (repolarization)
5. Na K pump pumps out 3 Na and 2 K to restore RMP
Cell signaling occurs through three methods: - Answer--Gap junctions
Cell to cell (antigen presentation)
Ligand (vessicles)
Ligands can be one of three: - Answer--Autocrine, paracrine, synaptic
intercellular channels that permit cell to cell transfer of ions and molecules -
Answer--gap junctions
Gap junctions found often in which type of cells? - Answer--cells where synchronized
functions occur: Cardiac cells, vascular tone and peristalsis
What do proteins do? - Answer--made up of amino acids, execute most membrane
functions including transport and signal transduction
When does cell replication occur? - Answer---Protein mitogens and growth hormone
regulated
-when factors are favorable
Stages of Mitosis (PMAT) - Answer--prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What is the end result of mitosis - Answer--each daughter cell receives 46
chromosomes (23 pairs) (23 chromosomes from each parent
chromatin condenses into chromosomes in what phase - Answer--prophase
in which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align 1/2 way between spindle poles?
- Answer--metaphase
In which phase of mitosis do the centromeres divide? - Answer--anaphase
, In which phase of mitosis do the separated daughter cells arrive at spindle poles? -
Answer--Telophase
Phase of mitosis where cells cleave off into new cells: - Answer--Cytokinesis
What cells does meiosis occur in? - Answer--Sex cells (gametes)
Which protein releases E2F transcription factors to begin cell division? - Answer--Rb
protein
what triggers Rb to release E2F? - Answer--Cyclins
How many genes are in the genome? - Answer--20,000
What does DNA compose of? - Answer--5 carbon sugar, phosphate group and 4
bases
What does G pair with? - Answer--C
What does A pair with? - Answer--T (or U in RNA)
What is a pneumonic to remember which bases pair? - Answer--Together At the
Grand Canyon
DNA is wrapped around histones called? - Answer--Chromatin
This protein binds new strands together forming complementary strands -
Answer--DNA polymerase
This protein unzips the DNA strand from 5' to 3' - Answer--Helicase
This protein lays down primers to code RNA strands: - Answer--Primase
This protein glues together okazaki fragments on the RNA strand - Answer--Ligase
This protein keeps DNA from coiling during transcription process -
Answer--Topoisomerase
What is translation and where does it occur? - Answer--the process in which
ribosomes in a cell's cytoplasm create proteins, following transcription of DNA to
RNA in the cell's nucleus. It occurs in cytoplasm
Test Bank 1 with 350 Exam Questions
and Correct Answers 100% Guaranteed
to Pass!!
The PT time and INR measure what? - Answer--extrinsic pathway
The extrinsic pathway is initiated by - Answer--tissue factor III
Breast cancer in women who have the breast cancer gene - Answer--occurs at an
earlier age
Which leukemia demonstrates the Philedelphia chromosome? - Answer--CML
Which leukemia has the best prognosis? - Answer--ALL
What causes a hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia? - Answer--TNF (tumor
necrosis factor)
What are proto-onocogenes? - Answer--Normal cellular genes that promote growth
What is the major cause of death from leukemic disease? - Answer--Infection
The primary source of erythropoietin is... - Answer--The kidney
What is the largest cyctoplasmic organelle? - Answer--Nucleus
Which organelle contains the DNA? - Answer--Nucelus
Where is the nucleolus?****** - Answer--In the nucleus
Where is RNA stored?******* - Answer--Nucleolus
What is known as the GI tract of the cell and is coated with ribosomes? -
Answer--Rough endoplasmic reticulum
What do the ribosomes do? - Answer--Make proteins
,Which organlle is responsible for lipid metabolism?******
Abdundant in the muscle for calcium release - Answer--Smooth ER
Which organelle stores calcium and detoxes alcohol from the cell? ****** -
Answer--Smooth ER
Which organelle is responsible for folding proteins and has cisternae? -
Answer--Golgi apparatus
Which organelle is the garbage collector and uses enzymes to digest cellular waste?
- Answer--Lysosomes
What organelle is located in the cytoplasm and is responsible for ATP production? -
Answer--Mitochondria
What are the functions of the plasma membrane? - Answer--transport nutrients and
waste products, generate membrane potentials, recognition, communication and
growth regulation of cells
What composes the phospholipid bilayer? - Answer--Hydrophobic head and
hydrophillic tail
What can pass the bilayer by simple diffusion? - Answer--Gases, fat soluable
vitamins and water
what cant pass by simple diffusion? - Answer--glucose, sucrose and ions (hydrogen,
sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium)
what must polar charged molecules use to cross the bilayer? - Answer--carriers,
proteins or pumps
what is facilitated diffusion? - Answer--diffusion (high concentration to low
concentration) but with transmembrane proteins
What is a GLUT protein transporter to transport glucose an example of? -
Answer--Facilitated diffusion
Uses combined effects of concentration and electrical gradients -
Answer--Electrochemical gradient
What kind of cellular receptor is the sodium potassium pump? - Answer--Na K Pump
The three types of carrier proteins are - Answer--Symporter, antiporter and uniporter
,Moves molecules against concentration gradient using energy - Answer--Primary
active transport
Uses primary active transport as a tool - Answer--secondary active transport
resting membrane potential - Answer---70mV
Action potential steps: - Answer--1. resting potential
2. sodium rushes into cell (depolarization)
3. absolute refractory point is hit
4. potassium rushes out of cell to lower concentration (repolarization)
5. Na K pump pumps out 3 Na and 2 K to restore RMP
Cell signaling occurs through three methods: - Answer--Gap junctions
Cell to cell (antigen presentation)
Ligand (vessicles)
Ligands can be one of three: - Answer--Autocrine, paracrine, synaptic
intercellular channels that permit cell to cell transfer of ions and molecules -
Answer--gap junctions
Gap junctions found often in which type of cells? - Answer--cells where synchronized
functions occur: Cardiac cells, vascular tone and peristalsis
What do proteins do? - Answer--made up of amino acids, execute most membrane
functions including transport and signal transduction
When does cell replication occur? - Answer---Protein mitogens and growth hormone
regulated
-when factors are favorable
Stages of Mitosis (PMAT) - Answer--prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What is the end result of mitosis - Answer--each daughter cell receives 46
chromosomes (23 pairs) (23 chromosomes from each parent
chromatin condenses into chromosomes in what phase - Answer--prophase
in which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align 1/2 way between spindle poles?
- Answer--metaphase
In which phase of mitosis do the centromeres divide? - Answer--anaphase
, In which phase of mitosis do the separated daughter cells arrive at spindle poles? -
Answer--Telophase
Phase of mitosis where cells cleave off into new cells: - Answer--Cytokinesis
What cells does meiosis occur in? - Answer--Sex cells (gametes)
Which protein releases E2F transcription factors to begin cell division? - Answer--Rb
protein
what triggers Rb to release E2F? - Answer--Cyclins
How many genes are in the genome? - Answer--20,000
What does DNA compose of? - Answer--5 carbon sugar, phosphate group and 4
bases
What does G pair with? - Answer--C
What does A pair with? - Answer--T (or U in RNA)
What is a pneumonic to remember which bases pair? - Answer--Together At the
Grand Canyon
DNA is wrapped around histones called? - Answer--Chromatin
This protein binds new strands together forming complementary strands -
Answer--DNA polymerase
This protein unzips the DNA strand from 5' to 3' - Answer--Helicase
This protein lays down primers to code RNA strands: - Answer--Primase
This protein glues together okazaki fragments on the RNA strand - Answer--Ligase
This protein keeps DNA from coiling during transcription process -
Answer--Topoisomerase
What is translation and where does it occur? - Answer--the process in which
ribosomes in a cell's cytoplasm create proteins, following transcription of DNA to
RNA in the cell's nucleus. It occurs in cytoplasm
