NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology
Midterm Exam Review Questions and
Answers 100% Guaranteed to Pass
!!(newest2026/2027)
Rheumatoid arthritis - Answer--Autoimmune disorder causing chronic joint
inflammation.
CBC - Answer--Complete blood count; measures blood components.
Hgb - Answer--Hemoglobin; oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.
Hct - Answer--Hematocrit; percentage of blood volume from red cells.
MCV - Answer--Mean corpuscular volume; average red blood cell size.
Platelet count - Answer--Number of platelets per microliter of blood.
WBC count - Answer--White blood cell count; immune response indicator.
Serum haptoglobin - Answer--Protein that binds free hemoglobin in blood.
Serum iron concentration - Answer--Amount of iron in serum, measured in
micrograms.
Total iron binding capacity - Answer--Maximum iron that can bind to transferrin.
Percent saturation - Answer--Percentage of transferrin saturated with iron.
Serum ferritin concentration - Answer--Indicator of stored iron in the body.
Reticulocyte concentration - Answer--Percentage of immature red blood cells in
blood.
Anemia of chronic disease - Answer--Anemia due to chronic inflammation or illness.
Acute blood loss anemia - Answer--Anemia resulting from sudden blood loss.
Iron deficiency anemia - Answer--Anemia caused by insufficient iron for hemoglobin.
,Overwhelming bacterial infection - Answer--Severe infection leading to systemic
inflammatory response.
Aplastic anemia - Answer--Failure of bone marrow to produce blood cells.
Sickle cells - Answer--Abnormally shaped red blood cells in sickle cell disease.
Left ventricular hypertrophy - Answer--Thickening of heart's left ventricle due to
pressure.
Aortic stenosis - Answer--Narrowing of the aortic valve affecting blood flow.
Aortic dissection - Answer--Tear in the aorta's inner layer causing pain.
Defibrillation - Answer--Electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm.
Tachycardia - Answer--Heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute.
AV Dissociation - Answer--Lack of coordination between atrial and ventricular
contractions.
Wide Complex Tachycardia - Answer--Tachycardia with QRS duration over 120 ms.
Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy - Answer--Heart muscle disease with unknown
cause, leading to dilation.
Ejection Fraction - Answer--Percentage of blood pumped from the heart per beat.
Bradycardia - Answer--Heart rate below 60 beats per minute.
Blocked Pathway at AV Node - Answer--Interruption of electrical signals at the
atrioventricular node.
Aortic Stenosis - Answer--Narrowing of the aortic valve, restricting blood flow.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) - Answer--Cancer of the blood affecting
lymphoid cells.
Hematocrit (Hct) - Answer--Percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells.
Microcytic Anemia - Answer--Anemia characterized by small, hypochromic red blood
cells.
, Peripheral Blood Smear - Answer--Microscopic examination of blood to assess cell
types.
TdT Positive - Answer--Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase positivity indicates
lymphoid lineage.
HgB - Answer--Hemoglobin concentration in blood, indicating oxygen-carrying
capacity.
Platelet Count - Answer--Number of platelets in a given volume of blood.
Flow Cytometry - Answer--Technique to analyze cell characteristics using fluorescent
markers.
Reticulocyte Count - Answer--Measurement of young red blood cells in circulation.
Hypochromic Cells - Answer--Red blood cells with reduced hemoglobin content.
Maxillofacial Deformities - Answer--Abnormalities in facial structure often due to
anemia.
Echocardiogram - Answer--Ultrasound imaging to assess heart structure and
function.
Chest X-ray - Answer--Radiographic imaging to visualize heart and lung conditions.
Coronary Artery Disease - Answer--Narrowing of coronary arteries due to plaque
buildup.
Syncopal Episode - Answer--Temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased
blood flow.
Erythrocyte membrane fragility - Answer--Increased susceptibility to rupture under
stress.
Hemoglobin F synthesis - Answer--Reduced production of fetal hemoglobin in adults.
Microcytic anemia - Answer--Anemia characterized by smaller than normal red blood
cells.
Hypochromic anemia - Answer--Anemia with reduced hemoglobin content in red
blood cells.
Gastrointestinal blood loss - Answer--Loss of blood from the digestive tract.
Midterm Exam Review Questions and
Answers 100% Guaranteed to Pass
!!(newest2026/2027)
Rheumatoid arthritis - Answer--Autoimmune disorder causing chronic joint
inflammation.
CBC - Answer--Complete blood count; measures blood components.
Hgb - Answer--Hemoglobin; oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.
Hct - Answer--Hematocrit; percentage of blood volume from red cells.
MCV - Answer--Mean corpuscular volume; average red blood cell size.
Platelet count - Answer--Number of platelets per microliter of blood.
WBC count - Answer--White blood cell count; immune response indicator.
Serum haptoglobin - Answer--Protein that binds free hemoglobin in blood.
Serum iron concentration - Answer--Amount of iron in serum, measured in
micrograms.
Total iron binding capacity - Answer--Maximum iron that can bind to transferrin.
Percent saturation - Answer--Percentage of transferrin saturated with iron.
Serum ferritin concentration - Answer--Indicator of stored iron in the body.
Reticulocyte concentration - Answer--Percentage of immature red blood cells in
blood.
Anemia of chronic disease - Answer--Anemia due to chronic inflammation or illness.
Acute blood loss anemia - Answer--Anemia resulting from sudden blood loss.
Iron deficiency anemia - Answer--Anemia caused by insufficient iron for hemoglobin.
,Overwhelming bacterial infection - Answer--Severe infection leading to systemic
inflammatory response.
Aplastic anemia - Answer--Failure of bone marrow to produce blood cells.
Sickle cells - Answer--Abnormally shaped red blood cells in sickle cell disease.
Left ventricular hypertrophy - Answer--Thickening of heart's left ventricle due to
pressure.
Aortic stenosis - Answer--Narrowing of the aortic valve affecting blood flow.
Aortic dissection - Answer--Tear in the aorta's inner layer causing pain.
Defibrillation - Answer--Electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm.
Tachycardia - Answer--Heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute.
AV Dissociation - Answer--Lack of coordination between atrial and ventricular
contractions.
Wide Complex Tachycardia - Answer--Tachycardia with QRS duration over 120 ms.
Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy - Answer--Heart muscle disease with unknown
cause, leading to dilation.
Ejection Fraction - Answer--Percentage of blood pumped from the heart per beat.
Bradycardia - Answer--Heart rate below 60 beats per minute.
Blocked Pathway at AV Node - Answer--Interruption of electrical signals at the
atrioventricular node.
Aortic Stenosis - Answer--Narrowing of the aortic valve, restricting blood flow.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) - Answer--Cancer of the blood affecting
lymphoid cells.
Hematocrit (Hct) - Answer--Percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells.
Microcytic Anemia - Answer--Anemia characterized by small, hypochromic red blood
cells.
, Peripheral Blood Smear - Answer--Microscopic examination of blood to assess cell
types.
TdT Positive - Answer--Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase positivity indicates
lymphoid lineage.
HgB - Answer--Hemoglobin concentration in blood, indicating oxygen-carrying
capacity.
Platelet Count - Answer--Number of platelets in a given volume of blood.
Flow Cytometry - Answer--Technique to analyze cell characteristics using fluorescent
markers.
Reticulocyte Count - Answer--Measurement of young red blood cells in circulation.
Hypochromic Cells - Answer--Red blood cells with reduced hemoglobin content.
Maxillofacial Deformities - Answer--Abnormalities in facial structure often due to
anemia.
Echocardiogram - Answer--Ultrasound imaging to assess heart structure and
function.
Chest X-ray - Answer--Radiographic imaging to visualize heart and lung conditions.
Coronary Artery Disease - Answer--Narrowing of coronary arteries due to plaque
buildup.
Syncopal Episode - Answer--Temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased
blood flow.
Erythrocyte membrane fragility - Answer--Increased susceptibility to rupture under
stress.
Hemoglobin F synthesis - Answer--Reduced production of fetal hemoglobin in adults.
Microcytic anemia - Answer--Anemia characterized by smaller than normal red blood
cells.
Hypochromic anemia - Answer--Anemia with reduced hemoglobin content in red
blood cells.
Gastrointestinal blood loss - Answer--Loss of blood from the digestive tract.
