TEST BANK FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
PRACTICAL APPROACH 5TH EDITION BY LACHEL
STORY QUESTIONS & 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+LATEST UPDATE
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,CHAPTER 1 — CELLULAR FUNCTION
Question 1 — (energy production)
Which organelle is the primary site of aerobic ATP production via oxidative
phosphorylation?
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A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B. Mitochondrion
C. Ribosome
D. Lysosome
Correct answer: B. Mitochondrion
Rationale:
Mitochondria generate the majority of cellular ATP by oxidative phosphorylation
(electron transport chain + chemiosmosis) in the presence of oxygen.
• A is incorrect — smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification, not
major ATP production.
• C is incorrect — ribosomes synthesize proteins.
• D is incorrect — lysosomes digest macromolecules and damaged organelles but
do not produce ATP.
Question 2 — Membrane transport
A patient receives an IV drug that must enter cells against a concentration gradient.
Which transport mechanism is most likely responsible?
A. Simple diffusion through the lipid bilayer
B. Facilitated diffusion through a channel protein
C. Primary active transport using ATP (e.g., Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase)
D. Osmosis
Correct answer: C. Primary active transport using ATP (e.g., Na⁺/K⁺ATPase)
Rationale:
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Movement against a concentration gradient requires energy input; primary active
transport directly uses ATP (or an ATPase) to pump ions or molecules.
• A and B are passive (do not move substances uphill).
• D (osmosis) is passive movement of water across a semipermeable
membrane down its gradient.
Question 3 — Facilitated diffusion example
Glucose entry into skeletal muscle during resting conditions (no insulin present)
predominantly occurs by:
A. Simple diffusion through the membrane
B. Facilitated diffusion via GLUT transporters (down its concentration gradient)
C. Active transport by Na⁺/glucose cotransporter requiring ATP
D. Endocytosis
Correct answer: B. Facilitated diffusion via GLUT transporters
Rationale:
Glucose crosses membranes via GLUT transporters (carrier proteins) by
facilitated diffusion when no energy is required and transport follows the
concentration gradient.
• A is incorrect — glucose is polar and cannot pass by simple diffusion.
• C (Na⁺/glucose cotransport) is used in some epithelia (e.g., intestinal/renal) and
is secondary active, not the predominant mechanism in resting muscle.
• D is incorrect — endocytosis is not the routine mechanism for glucose uptake.
Question 4 — Osmotic effects on red blood cells
A patient’s red blood cells placed in a hypertonic IV solution will:
A. Swell and potentially lyse (hemolysis)
B. Shrink (crenate) as water leaves the cell
C. Remain unchanged because RBC membranes are impermeable to water D. Gain
sodium via active transport and maintain size Correct answer: B.
Shrink (crenate) as water leaves the cell
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PRACTICAL APPROACH 5TH EDITION BY LACHEL
STORY QUESTIONS & 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+LATEST UPDATE
Downloaded by: studyvault1 | Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this
document is illegal extra per year?
,CHAPTER 1 — CELLULAR FUNCTION
Question 1 — (energy production)
Which organelle is the primary site of aerobic ATP production via oxidative
phosphorylation?
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document is illegal extra per year?
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A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B. Mitochondrion
C. Ribosome
D. Lysosome
Correct answer: B. Mitochondrion
Rationale:
Mitochondria generate the majority of cellular ATP by oxidative phosphorylation
(electron transport chain + chemiosmosis) in the presence of oxygen.
• A is incorrect — smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification, not
major ATP production.
• C is incorrect — ribosomes synthesize proteins.
• D is incorrect — lysosomes digest macromolecules and damaged organelles but
do not produce ATP.
Question 2 — Membrane transport
A patient receives an IV drug that must enter cells against a concentration gradient.
Which transport mechanism is most likely responsible?
A. Simple diffusion through the lipid bilayer
B. Facilitated diffusion through a channel protein
C. Primary active transport using ATP (e.g., Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase)
D. Osmosis
Correct answer: C. Primary active transport using ATP (e.g., Na⁺/K⁺ATPase)
Rationale:
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Movement against a concentration gradient requires energy input; primary active
transport directly uses ATP (or an ATPase) to pump ions or molecules.
• A and B are passive (do not move substances uphill).
• D (osmosis) is passive movement of water across a semipermeable
membrane down its gradient.
Question 3 — Facilitated diffusion example
Glucose entry into skeletal muscle during resting conditions (no insulin present)
predominantly occurs by:
A. Simple diffusion through the membrane
B. Facilitated diffusion via GLUT transporters (down its concentration gradient)
C. Active transport by Na⁺/glucose cotransporter requiring ATP
D. Endocytosis
Correct answer: B. Facilitated diffusion via GLUT transporters
Rationale:
Glucose crosses membranes via GLUT transporters (carrier proteins) by
facilitated diffusion when no energy is required and transport follows the
concentration gradient.
• A is incorrect — glucose is polar and cannot pass by simple diffusion.
• C (Na⁺/glucose cotransport) is used in some epithelia (e.g., intestinal/renal) and
is secondary active, not the predominant mechanism in resting muscle.
• D is incorrect — endocytosis is not the routine mechanism for glucose uptake.
Question 4 — Osmotic effects on red blood cells
A patient’s red blood cells placed in a hypertonic IV solution will:
A. Swell and potentially lyse (hemolysis)
B. Shrink (crenate) as water leaves the cell
C. Remain unchanged because RBC membranes are impermeable to water D. Gain
sodium via active transport and maintain size Correct answer: B.
Shrink (crenate) as water leaves the cell
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