Test Bank | Discovering Psychology, 5th Edition by John T. Cacioppo, Freberg, Cacioppo
ISBN: 9798214157696
Chap 01 5e - Cacioppo
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Ivan Pavlov found that dogs would salivate at the arrival the handler signaling that food would soon arrive. This
was an example of
a. classical conditioning.
b. behaviorism.
c. structuralism.
d. Gestalt learning.
ANSWER: a
2. How do cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience differ?
a. Cognitive neuroscience focuses more on brain structures and function than cognitive psychology.
b. They do not differ; cognitive neuroscience is just a more modern term for cognitive psychology.
c. Cognitive neuroscience is based on behaviorism.
d. Cognitive neuroscience depends on Freudian principles.
ANSWER: a
3. Psychology developed from which two disciplines?
a. Philosophy and neuroscience
b. Philosophy and natural sciences
c. Biology and neuroscience
d. Philosophy and behaviorism
ANSWER: b
4. Abraham Maslow was a humanistic psychologist who broke from Freud's approach by
a. using longer psychoanalysis sessions.
b. focusing on what is good.
c. taking a structuralist approach.
d. taking a functionalist approach.
ANSWER: b
5. Which of the following explains the difference between psychiatrists and clinical psychologists?
a. Psychiatrists can prescribe medication and clinical psychologists cannot.
b. Psychiatrists treat patients surgically.
c. Only clinical psychologists can prescribe medication.
d. Only psychiatrists practice psychoanalysis.
ANSWER: a
Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chap 01 5e - Cacioppo
6. You meet a psychologist at a party, and they tell you that they help high school students develop career plans.
This person is most likely a
a. forensic psychologist.
b. counseling psychologist.
c. school psychologist.
d. personality psychologist.
ANSWER: c
7. Rather than describe the behavior of an "average" person, some psychologists focus on how behavior can vary
from person to person; this is a concept known as
a. behavioral sets.
b. personality.
c. individual differences.
d. diversity.
ANSWER: c
8. A cognitive psychologist is studying how short-term memory works. How might a biological psychologist be able
to contribute to this research project?
a. By describing how the brain processes information in short-term memory.
b. By developing a theory based on individual differences.
c. By integrating information based on memory disorders.
d. By integrating evolutionary constraints on behavior.
ANSWER: a
9. The psychology perspective focusing on the physical mechanisms underlying behavior is
a. biological psychology.
b. cognitive psychology.
c. social psychology.
d. Freudian psychology.
ANSWER: a
10. You conduct a study on taste perception. Which of the following results would present a challenge to a
structuralism approach to psychology?
a. A food tastes the same no matter what context it is eaten in.
b. A food tastes sweeter after eating salty food, and saltier after eating sweet food.
c. Taste perception is shown to have an evolutionary role.
d. Taste perception is shown to result from the combination of many individual taste sensations.
ANSWER: b
Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chap 01 5e - Cacioppo
11. Your friend is feeling depressed and their doctor refers them to both a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist.
Why would the doctor most likely have referred your friend to both of these specialists?
a. Because depression cannot be treated with therapy alone.
b. He believes your friend’s depression is caused by both behavioral and brain issues.
c. He believes your friend may benefit from both medication and therapy.
d. He believes your friend would benefit from both psychotherapy and clinical therapy.
ANSWER: c
12. You meet a researcher who says they are studying how the hippocampus, a part of the brain in the temporal lobe,
is involved in memory for events. This researcher is most likely a
a. cognitive neuroscientist.
b. behaviorist.
c. functionalist.
d. psychoanalyst.
ANSWER: a
13. A psychologist who focuses on environmental factors is likely to have trouble explaining why some children who
are maltreated engage in antisocial behavior while others do not, because
a. genetics are a critical factor in antisocial behavior.
b. environmental factors play no role in antisocial behavior and maltreatment.
c. antisocial behavior is not a clinical issue.
d. maltreatment should be studied by a social psychologist.
ANSWER: a
14. The approach to psychology that focuses on the purpose of behavior is known as
a. functionalism.
b. structuralism.
c. cognitive psychology.
d. Gestalt psychology.
ANSWER: a
15. An individual's characteristic way of thinking, feeling, and behaving is their
a. personality.
b. individual difference.
c. developmental span.
d. behavioral profile.
ANSWER: a
Page 3
, Name: Class: Date:
Chap 01 5e - Cacioppo
16. A friend mentions that they would like to become a therapist. What educational path would you recommend they
follow?
a. They must get a graduate-level education.
b. They will need to attend medical school after completing an undergraduate degree in psychology.
c. They should focus on cognitive psychology.
d. They should focus on personality psychology for their bachelor's degree.
ANSWER: a
17. As a behaviorist, Skinner did not theorize about internal mental states because
a. he did not believe they existed.
b. he did not believe mental states could be objectively studied.
c. rats and pigeons do not have human-like internal mental states.
d. he did not believe that the technology of his time was precise enough to study internal mental states.
ANSWER: b
18. Wundt and Titchener viewed the mind as a hierarchy, with overall perception arising out of the combination of
many other sensations. This view is known as
a. philosophical psychology.
b. physiological psychology.
c. Gestalt psychology.
d. structuralism.
ANSWER: d
19. How would a psychologist using the structuralism approach MOST likely study memory?
a. By identifying the survival benefits of memory.
b. By testing whether memory for some stimulus was the same in different situations.
c. By trying to identify the smaller mental processes that make up "remembering" a stimulus.
d. By testing individuals with memory problems.
ANSWER: c
20. How would an evolutionary and a biological psychologist differ in explaining findings from research?
a. The evolutionary psychologist would focus on the evolutionary benefits of the behavior; the biological
psychologist would focus on the brain mechanisms involved.
b. The evolutionary psychologist would explain the brain mechanisms involved as a function of evolution; the
biological psychologist would take a functionalist approach.
c. The evolutionary psychologist would explain the behavior as a response to evolutionary pressures; the
biological psychologist would focus on the behavior's goal.
d. The evolutionary psychologist would focus on natural selection pressures that produce the behavior; the
biological psychologist would likely ignore the behavior as it is unrelated to brain mechanisms.
ANSWER: a
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ISBN: 9798214157696
Chap 01 5e - Cacioppo
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Ivan Pavlov found that dogs would salivate at the arrival the handler signaling that food would soon arrive. This
was an example of
a. classical conditioning.
b. behaviorism.
c. structuralism.
d. Gestalt learning.
ANSWER: a
2. How do cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience differ?
a. Cognitive neuroscience focuses more on brain structures and function than cognitive psychology.
b. They do not differ; cognitive neuroscience is just a more modern term for cognitive psychology.
c. Cognitive neuroscience is based on behaviorism.
d. Cognitive neuroscience depends on Freudian principles.
ANSWER: a
3. Psychology developed from which two disciplines?
a. Philosophy and neuroscience
b. Philosophy and natural sciences
c. Biology and neuroscience
d. Philosophy and behaviorism
ANSWER: b
4. Abraham Maslow was a humanistic psychologist who broke from Freud's approach by
a. using longer psychoanalysis sessions.
b. focusing on what is good.
c. taking a structuralist approach.
d. taking a functionalist approach.
ANSWER: b
5. Which of the following explains the difference between psychiatrists and clinical psychologists?
a. Psychiatrists can prescribe medication and clinical psychologists cannot.
b. Psychiatrists treat patients surgically.
c. Only clinical psychologists can prescribe medication.
d. Only psychiatrists practice psychoanalysis.
ANSWER: a
Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chap 01 5e - Cacioppo
6. You meet a psychologist at a party, and they tell you that they help high school students develop career plans.
This person is most likely a
a. forensic psychologist.
b. counseling psychologist.
c. school psychologist.
d. personality psychologist.
ANSWER: c
7. Rather than describe the behavior of an "average" person, some psychologists focus on how behavior can vary
from person to person; this is a concept known as
a. behavioral sets.
b. personality.
c. individual differences.
d. diversity.
ANSWER: c
8. A cognitive psychologist is studying how short-term memory works. How might a biological psychologist be able
to contribute to this research project?
a. By describing how the brain processes information in short-term memory.
b. By developing a theory based on individual differences.
c. By integrating information based on memory disorders.
d. By integrating evolutionary constraints on behavior.
ANSWER: a
9. The psychology perspective focusing on the physical mechanisms underlying behavior is
a. biological psychology.
b. cognitive psychology.
c. social psychology.
d. Freudian psychology.
ANSWER: a
10. You conduct a study on taste perception. Which of the following results would present a challenge to a
structuralism approach to psychology?
a. A food tastes the same no matter what context it is eaten in.
b. A food tastes sweeter after eating salty food, and saltier after eating sweet food.
c. Taste perception is shown to have an evolutionary role.
d. Taste perception is shown to result from the combination of many individual taste sensations.
ANSWER: b
Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chap 01 5e - Cacioppo
11. Your friend is feeling depressed and their doctor refers them to both a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist.
Why would the doctor most likely have referred your friend to both of these specialists?
a. Because depression cannot be treated with therapy alone.
b. He believes your friend’s depression is caused by both behavioral and brain issues.
c. He believes your friend may benefit from both medication and therapy.
d. He believes your friend would benefit from both psychotherapy and clinical therapy.
ANSWER: c
12. You meet a researcher who says they are studying how the hippocampus, a part of the brain in the temporal lobe,
is involved in memory for events. This researcher is most likely a
a. cognitive neuroscientist.
b. behaviorist.
c. functionalist.
d. psychoanalyst.
ANSWER: a
13. A psychologist who focuses on environmental factors is likely to have trouble explaining why some children who
are maltreated engage in antisocial behavior while others do not, because
a. genetics are a critical factor in antisocial behavior.
b. environmental factors play no role in antisocial behavior and maltreatment.
c. antisocial behavior is not a clinical issue.
d. maltreatment should be studied by a social psychologist.
ANSWER: a
14. The approach to psychology that focuses on the purpose of behavior is known as
a. functionalism.
b. structuralism.
c. cognitive psychology.
d. Gestalt psychology.
ANSWER: a
15. An individual's characteristic way of thinking, feeling, and behaving is their
a. personality.
b. individual difference.
c. developmental span.
d. behavioral profile.
ANSWER: a
Page 3
, Name: Class: Date:
Chap 01 5e - Cacioppo
16. A friend mentions that they would like to become a therapist. What educational path would you recommend they
follow?
a. They must get a graduate-level education.
b. They will need to attend medical school after completing an undergraduate degree in psychology.
c. They should focus on cognitive psychology.
d. They should focus on personality psychology for their bachelor's degree.
ANSWER: a
17. As a behaviorist, Skinner did not theorize about internal mental states because
a. he did not believe they existed.
b. he did not believe mental states could be objectively studied.
c. rats and pigeons do not have human-like internal mental states.
d. he did not believe that the technology of his time was precise enough to study internal mental states.
ANSWER: b
18. Wundt and Titchener viewed the mind as a hierarchy, with overall perception arising out of the combination of
many other sensations. This view is known as
a. philosophical psychology.
b. physiological psychology.
c. Gestalt psychology.
d. structuralism.
ANSWER: d
19. How would a psychologist using the structuralism approach MOST likely study memory?
a. By identifying the survival benefits of memory.
b. By testing whether memory for some stimulus was the same in different situations.
c. By trying to identify the smaller mental processes that make up "remembering" a stimulus.
d. By testing individuals with memory problems.
ANSWER: c
20. How would an evolutionary and a biological psychologist differ in explaining findings from research?
a. The evolutionary psychologist would focus on the evolutionary benefits of the behavior; the biological
psychologist would focus on the brain mechanisms involved.
b. The evolutionary psychologist would explain the brain mechanisms involved as a function of evolution; the
biological psychologist would take a functionalist approach.
c. The evolutionary psychologist would explain the behavior as a response to evolutionary pressures; the
biological psychologist would focus on the behavior's goal.
d. The evolutionary psychologist would focus on natural selection pressures that produce the behavior; the
biological psychologist would likely ignore the behavior as it is unrelated to brain mechanisms.
ANSWER: a
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