BPK 241 LATEST 2026 EXAM TEST QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Plantar Fasciitis - ✔✔Predisposing factors: Pes cavus or pes planus, running
SSx: Pain in medial arch/medial distal heel, pain worst in morning and with sitting,
swelling and tenderness, heel spur on X-ray
Tx: adequate rest, stretching exercises, physio with ultrasound, soft orthotics, gradual
return to exercise (supervised)
✔✔Foot Fractures - ✔✔General considerations: Hx, deformity, crepitus, tenderness
Tx: RICE, splint, transport, X-ray
✔✔Lower Leg Bones - ✔✔
✔✔Lower Leg Joints - ✔✔
✔✔Lower Leg Ligaments - ✔✔Superior and inferior, anterior and posterior tibiofibular,
Interosseous membrane
✔✔Lower Leg Compartments - ✔✔Anterior, Posterior (deep and superficial), Lateral
✔✔Anterior Compartment - ✔✔Anterior tibial artery, deep peroneal nerve, Tibialis
anterior, EHL, EDL, deep peroneal nerve,
✔✔Superficial Posterior Compartment - ✔✔Posterior tibial nerve, Gastrocnemius,
Soleus
✔✔Lateral Compartment - ✔✔Peroneal muscles, superficial peroneal nerve
✔✔Deep Posterior Compartment - ✔✔Posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve
✔✔Contusion - ✔✔Hx: direct blow
SSx: pain, tenderness, swelling, bruising, disability
DDx: fracture
Tx: RICE, padding, physio,
Complication: Anterior compartment syndrome
✔✔Lower Leg Strain - ✔✔Hx: sudden stop and start
SSx: pain, tenderness, step deformity, bruising, limp, snap with 2nd or 3rd
Tx: RICE, taping, physio, ROM exercise, rehab
✔✔Achilles Tendinopathy - ✔✔SSx: pain, stiffness, tendon feels warm, weakness with
resisted plantar flexion, morning stiffness or after sitting
chronic (thickening)
, Tx: address biomechanical issues, footwear, orthotics, RICE, ultrasound, cross friction
massage, eccentric loading
✔✔Achilles Rupture - ✔✔Hx: associated in stop and go sports, usually over 30,
associated history of chronic inflammatory, Achilles tendinopathy
SSx: snap, pop, feeling like kicked, point tenderness, discolouration, swelling, toe
raising IMPOSSIBLE, indent, positive Thompson test
Tx: hospital ASAP, surgery requirements: active, within 1 cm, rehab: full year usually
✔✔Shin Splints - ✔✔Hx: hard surfaces, poor footwear, overweight, heredity, over/under
pronation
SSx: aching pain, worse with activity, tenderness
DDx: Stress fracture, Anterior compartment syndrome
Tx: Rest, NSAIDs, physio, orthotics if needed, correct other factors, gradual return to
activity
✔✔1st degree Shin Splints - ✔✔dull pain 2-3 hours after activity
✔✔2nd degree Shin Splints - ✔✔pain before and after exercise, doesn't affect
performance
✔✔3rd degree Shin Splints - ✔✔pain before, during and after exercise, affects
performance
✔✔4th degree Shin Splints - ✔✔severe pain, can't participate
✔✔Compartment Syndrome - ✔✔Hx: fracture, tight casts, burn, contusion, tumour,
overuse
SSx: pain (deep) worse with exercise, slow to resolve, tenderness, weakness,
numbness of foot, diminished circulation
✔✔5 P's of Compartment Syndrome - ✔✔Pain, Paresthesias (pressure), Paralysis,
Pallor (pale colour), Pulselessness
✔✔Acute Compartment Syndrome - ✔✔Pressure remains over 30 mm of Hg at all times
Tx: potential surgery emergency, NPO and transport to MD ASAP, may need
fasciotomy
then treat as for subacute
✔✔Chronic Compartment Syndrome - ✔✔If pressure over 30 mm of Hg 1 min after
stopping exercise or over 23 mm of Hg 5 min after exercise
Tx: adequate rest, correct predisposing factors, physician to assess and monitor,
physio, slow return to activity as tolerated
✔✔Acute Fracture of Lower Leg - ✔✔Hx: kick, fall, ankle sprain
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Plantar Fasciitis - ✔✔Predisposing factors: Pes cavus or pes planus, running
SSx: Pain in medial arch/medial distal heel, pain worst in morning and with sitting,
swelling and tenderness, heel spur on X-ray
Tx: adequate rest, stretching exercises, physio with ultrasound, soft orthotics, gradual
return to exercise (supervised)
✔✔Foot Fractures - ✔✔General considerations: Hx, deformity, crepitus, tenderness
Tx: RICE, splint, transport, X-ray
✔✔Lower Leg Bones - ✔✔
✔✔Lower Leg Joints - ✔✔
✔✔Lower Leg Ligaments - ✔✔Superior and inferior, anterior and posterior tibiofibular,
Interosseous membrane
✔✔Lower Leg Compartments - ✔✔Anterior, Posterior (deep and superficial), Lateral
✔✔Anterior Compartment - ✔✔Anterior tibial artery, deep peroneal nerve, Tibialis
anterior, EHL, EDL, deep peroneal nerve,
✔✔Superficial Posterior Compartment - ✔✔Posterior tibial nerve, Gastrocnemius,
Soleus
✔✔Lateral Compartment - ✔✔Peroneal muscles, superficial peroneal nerve
✔✔Deep Posterior Compartment - ✔✔Posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve
✔✔Contusion - ✔✔Hx: direct blow
SSx: pain, tenderness, swelling, bruising, disability
DDx: fracture
Tx: RICE, padding, physio,
Complication: Anterior compartment syndrome
✔✔Lower Leg Strain - ✔✔Hx: sudden stop and start
SSx: pain, tenderness, step deformity, bruising, limp, snap with 2nd or 3rd
Tx: RICE, taping, physio, ROM exercise, rehab
✔✔Achilles Tendinopathy - ✔✔SSx: pain, stiffness, tendon feels warm, weakness with
resisted plantar flexion, morning stiffness or after sitting
chronic (thickening)
, Tx: address biomechanical issues, footwear, orthotics, RICE, ultrasound, cross friction
massage, eccentric loading
✔✔Achilles Rupture - ✔✔Hx: associated in stop and go sports, usually over 30,
associated history of chronic inflammatory, Achilles tendinopathy
SSx: snap, pop, feeling like kicked, point tenderness, discolouration, swelling, toe
raising IMPOSSIBLE, indent, positive Thompson test
Tx: hospital ASAP, surgery requirements: active, within 1 cm, rehab: full year usually
✔✔Shin Splints - ✔✔Hx: hard surfaces, poor footwear, overweight, heredity, over/under
pronation
SSx: aching pain, worse with activity, tenderness
DDx: Stress fracture, Anterior compartment syndrome
Tx: Rest, NSAIDs, physio, orthotics if needed, correct other factors, gradual return to
activity
✔✔1st degree Shin Splints - ✔✔dull pain 2-3 hours after activity
✔✔2nd degree Shin Splints - ✔✔pain before and after exercise, doesn't affect
performance
✔✔3rd degree Shin Splints - ✔✔pain before, during and after exercise, affects
performance
✔✔4th degree Shin Splints - ✔✔severe pain, can't participate
✔✔Compartment Syndrome - ✔✔Hx: fracture, tight casts, burn, contusion, tumour,
overuse
SSx: pain (deep) worse with exercise, slow to resolve, tenderness, weakness,
numbness of foot, diminished circulation
✔✔5 P's of Compartment Syndrome - ✔✔Pain, Paresthesias (pressure), Paralysis,
Pallor (pale colour), Pulselessness
✔✔Acute Compartment Syndrome - ✔✔Pressure remains over 30 mm of Hg at all times
Tx: potential surgery emergency, NPO and transport to MD ASAP, may need
fasciotomy
then treat as for subacute
✔✔Chronic Compartment Syndrome - ✔✔If pressure over 30 mm of Hg 1 min after
stopping exercise or over 23 mm of Hg 5 min after exercise
Tx: adequate rest, correct predisposing factors, physician to assess and monitor,
physio, slow return to activity as tolerated
✔✔Acute Fracture of Lower Leg - ✔✔Hx: kick, fall, ankle sprain
