SOLUTION MANUAL
FOR ADVANCED ACCOUNTING, 16TH
EDITION BY JOE BEN HOYLE, SCHAEFER
AND DOUPNIK| ALL CHAPTERS 1-19| LATEST
Page 1 of 822
, Solution manual for all chapters
Solution manual for
advanced accounting 16th edition by joe ben hoyle, thomas schaefer and timothy doupnik
Chapter 1-19
Chapter 1 the
equity method of accounting for investments
Chapter outline
I. Four methods are principally used to account for an investment in equity securities along with a
fair value option.
A. Fair value method: applied by an investor when only a small percentage of a
company‘s voting stock is held.
1. The investor recognizes income when the investee declares a dividend.
2. Portfolios are reported at fair value. If fair values are unavailable, investment is
reported at cost.
B. Cost method: applied to investments without a readily determinable fair value. When the fair
value of an investment in equity securities is not readily determinable, and the investment
provides neither significant influence nor control, the investment may be measured at cost.
The investment remains at cost unless
1. A demonstrable impairment occurs for the investment, or
2. An observable price change occurs for identical or similar investments of the same issuer.
The investor typically recognizes its share of investee dividends declared as dividend income.
C. Consolidation: when one firm controls another (e.g., when a parent has a majority interest
in the voting stock of a subsidiary or control through variable interests, their financial
statements are consolidated and reported for the combined entity.
D. Equity method: applied when the investor has the ability to exercise significant
influence over operating and financial policies of the investee.
1. Ability to significantly influence investee is indicated by several factors including
representation on the board of directors, participation in policy -making, etc.
2. Gaap guidelines presume the equity method is applicable if 20 to 50 percent of the
Page 2 of 822
, Outstanding voting stock of the investee is held by the investor.
Current financial reporting standards allow firms to elect to use fair value for any new investment
in equity shares including those where the equity method would otherwise apply. However, the
option, once taken, is irrevocable. The investor recognizes both investee dividends and changes in
fair value over time as income.
II. Accounting for an investment: the equity method
A. The investor adjusts the investment account to reflect all changes in the equity of the investee
company.
B. The investor accrues investee income when it is reported in the investee‘s financial
statements.
C. Dividends declared by the investee create a reduction in the carrying amount of the
investment account. This book assumes all investee dividends are declared and paid in the
same reporting period.
III. Special accounting procedures used in the application of the equity method
A. Reporting a change to the equity method when the ability to significantly influence an
investee is achieved through a series of acquisitions.
1. Initial purchase(s) will be accounted for by means of the fair value method (or at cost)
until the ability to significantly influence is attained.
2. When the ability to exercise significant influence occurs following a series of stock
purchases, the investor applies the equity method prospectively. The total fair value at the
date significant influence is attained is compared to the investee‘s book value to
determine future excess fair value amortizations.
B. Investee income from other than continuing operations
1. The investor recognizes its share of investee reported other comprehensive income
(oci) through the investment account and the investor‘s own oci.
2. Income items such as discontinued operations that are reported separately by the investee
should be shown in the same manner by the investor. The materiality of these other
investee income elements (as it affects the investor) continues to be a criterion for separate
disclosure.
C. Investee losses
1. Losses reported by the investee create corresponding losses for the investor.
2. A permanent decline in the fair value of an investee‘s stock should be recognized
immediately by the investor as an impairment loss.
3. Investee losses can possibly reduce the carrying value of the investment account to a zero
balance. At that point, the equity method ceases to be applicable and the fair-value method
is subsequently used.
D. Reporting the sale of an equity investment
1. The investor applies the equity method until the disposal date to establish a proper book
value.
2. Following the sale, the equity method continues to be appropriate if enough shares are still
held to maintain the investor‘s ability to significantly influence the investee. If that ability
has been lost, the fair-value method is subsequently used.
2-24
© McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.
, Solution manual for all chapters
IV. Excess investment cost over book value acquired
A. The price an investor pays for equity securities often differs significantly from the
investee‘s underlying book value primarily because the historical cost based accounting
model does not keep track of changes in a firm‘s fair value.
B. Payments made in excess of underlying book value can sometimes be identified with specific
investee accounts such as inventory or equipment.
C. An extra acquisition price can also be assigned to anticipated benefits that are expected to be
derived from the investment. In accounting, these amounts are presumed to reflect an
intangible asset referred to as goodwill. Goodwill is calculated as any excess payment that is
not attributable to specific identifiable assets and liabilities of the investee. Because goodwill
is an indefinite-lived asset, it is not amortized.
V. Deferral of intra-entity gross profit in inventory
A. The investor‘s share of intra-entity profits in ending inventory are not recognized until the
transferred goods are either consumed or until they are resold to unrelated parties.
B. Downstream sales of inventory
1. ―downstream‖ refers to transfers made by the investor to the investee.
2. Intra-entity gross profits from sales are initially deferred under the equity method and
then recognized as income at the time of the inventory‘s eventual disposal.
3. The amount of gross profit to be deferred is the investor‘s ownership percentage
multiplied by the markup on the merchandise remaining at the end of the year.
C. Upstream sales of inventory
1. ―upstream‖ refers to transfers made by the investee to the investor.
2. Under the equity method, the deferral process for intra-entity gross profits is identical for
upstream and downstream transfers. The procedures are separately identified in chapter
one because the handling does vary within the consolidation process.
Answers to discussion questions
The textbook includes discussion questions to stimulate student thought and discussion. These questions
are also designed to allow students to consider relevant issues that might otherwise be overlooked. Some of
these questions may be addressed by the instructor in class to motivate student discussion. Students should
be encouraged to begin by defining the issue(s) in each case. Next, authoritative accounting literature (fasb
asc) or other relevant literature can be consulted as a preliminary step in arriving at logical actions.
Frequently, the fasb accounting standards codification will provide the necessary support.
Unfortunately, in accounting, definitive resolutions to financial reporting questions are not always
available. Students often seem to believe that all accounting issues have been resolved in the past so that
accounting education is only a matter of learning to apply historically prescribed procedures. However, in
actual practice, the only real answer is often the one that provides the fairest representation of the firm‘s
transactions. If an authoritative solution is not available, students should be directed to list all of the issues
involved and the consequences of possible alternative actions. Th e various factors presented can be
weighed to produce a viable solution.
The discussion questions are designed to help students develop research and critical thinking skills in
addressing issues that go beyond the purely mechanical elements of accounting.
2-3
© McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.
FOR ADVANCED ACCOUNTING, 16TH
EDITION BY JOE BEN HOYLE, SCHAEFER
AND DOUPNIK| ALL CHAPTERS 1-19| LATEST
Page 1 of 822
, Solution manual for all chapters
Solution manual for
advanced accounting 16th edition by joe ben hoyle, thomas schaefer and timothy doupnik
Chapter 1-19
Chapter 1 the
equity method of accounting for investments
Chapter outline
I. Four methods are principally used to account for an investment in equity securities along with a
fair value option.
A. Fair value method: applied by an investor when only a small percentage of a
company‘s voting stock is held.
1. The investor recognizes income when the investee declares a dividend.
2. Portfolios are reported at fair value. If fair values are unavailable, investment is
reported at cost.
B. Cost method: applied to investments without a readily determinable fair value. When the fair
value of an investment in equity securities is not readily determinable, and the investment
provides neither significant influence nor control, the investment may be measured at cost.
The investment remains at cost unless
1. A demonstrable impairment occurs for the investment, or
2. An observable price change occurs for identical or similar investments of the same issuer.
The investor typically recognizes its share of investee dividends declared as dividend income.
C. Consolidation: when one firm controls another (e.g., when a parent has a majority interest
in the voting stock of a subsidiary or control through variable interests, their financial
statements are consolidated and reported for the combined entity.
D. Equity method: applied when the investor has the ability to exercise significant
influence over operating and financial policies of the investee.
1. Ability to significantly influence investee is indicated by several factors including
representation on the board of directors, participation in policy -making, etc.
2. Gaap guidelines presume the equity method is applicable if 20 to 50 percent of the
Page 2 of 822
, Outstanding voting stock of the investee is held by the investor.
Current financial reporting standards allow firms to elect to use fair value for any new investment
in equity shares including those where the equity method would otherwise apply. However, the
option, once taken, is irrevocable. The investor recognizes both investee dividends and changes in
fair value over time as income.
II. Accounting for an investment: the equity method
A. The investor adjusts the investment account to reflect all changes in the equity of the investee
company.
B. The investor accrues investee income when it is reported in the investee‘s financial
statements.
C. Dividends declared by the investee create a reduction in the carrying amount of the
investment account. This book assumes all investee dividends are declared and paid in the
same reporting period.
III. Special accounting procedures used in the application of the equity method
A. Reporting a change to the equity method when the ability to significantly influence an
investee is achieved through a series of acquisitions.
1. Initial purchase(s) will be accounted for by means of the fair value method (or at cost)
until the ability to significantly influence is attained.
2. When the ability to exercise significant influence occurs following a series of stock
purchases, the investor applies the equity method prospectively. The total fair value at the
date significant influence is attained is compared to the investee‘s book value to
determine future excess fair value amortizations.
B. Investee income from other than continuing operations
1. The investor recognizes its share of investee reported other comprehensive income
(oci) through the investment account and the investor‘s own oci.
2. Income items such as discontinued operations that are reported separately by the investee
should be shown in the same manner by the investor. The materiality of these other
investee income elements (as it affects the investor) continues to be a criterion for separate
disclosure.
C. Investee losses
1. Losses reported by the investee create corresponding losses for the investor.
2. A permanent decline in the fair value of an investee‘s stock should be recognized
immediately by the investor as an impairment loss.
3. Investee losses can possibly reduce the carrying value of the investment account to a zero
balance. At that point, the equity method ceases to be applicable and the fair-value method
is subsequently used.
D. Reporting the sale of an equity investment
1. The investor applies the equity method until the disposal date to establish a proper book
value.
2. Following the sale, the equity method continues to be appropriate if enough shares are still
held to maintain the investor‘s ability to significantly influence the investee. If that ability
has been lost, the fair-value method is subsequently used.
2-24
© McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.
, Solution manual for all chapters
IV. Excess investment cost over book value acquired
A. The price an investor pays for equity securities often differs significantly from the
investee‘s underlying book value primarily because the historical cost based accounting
model does not keep track of changes in a firm‘s fair value.
B. Payments made in excess of underlying book value can sometimes be identified with specific
investee accounts such as inventory or equipment.
C. An extra acquisition price can also be assigned to anticipated benefits that are expected to be
derived from the investment. In accounting, these amounts are presumed to reflect an
intangible asset referred to as goodwill. Goodwill is calculated as any excess payment that is
not attributable to specific identifiable assets and liabilities of the investee. Because goodwill
is an indefinite-lived asset, it is not amortized.
V. Deferral of intra-entity gross profit in inventory
A. The investor‘s share of intra-entity profits in ending inventory are not recognized until the
transferred goods are either consumed or until they are resold to unrelated parties.
B. Downstream sales of inventory
1. ―downstream‖ refers to transfers made by the investor to the investee.
2. Intra-entity gross profits from sales are initially deferred under the equity method and
then recognized as income at the time of the inventory‘s eventual disposal.
3. The amount of gross profit to be deferred is the investor‘s ownership percentage
multiplied by the markup on the merchandise remaining at the end of the year.
C. Upstream sales of inventory
1. ―upstream‖ refers to transfers made by the investee to the investor.
2. Under the equity method, the deferral process for intra-entity gross profits is identical for
upstream and downstream transfers. The procedures are separately identified in chapter
one because the handling does vary within the consolidation process.
Answers to discussion questions
The textbook includes discussion questions to stimulate student thought and discussion. These questions
are also designed to allow students to consider relevant issues that might otherwise be overlooked. Some of
these questions may be addressed by the instructor in class to motivate student discussion. Students should
be encouraged to begin by defining the issue(s) in each case. Next, authoritative accounting literature (fasb
asc) or other relevant literature can be consulted as a preliminary step in arriving at logical actions.
Frequently, the fasb accounting standards codification will provide the necessary support.
Unfortunately, in accounting, definitive resolutions to financial reporting questions are not always
available. Students often seem to believe that all accounting issues have been resolved in the past so that
accounting education is only a matter of learning to apply historically prescribed procedures. However, in
actual practice, the only real answer is often the one that provides the fairest representation of the firm‘s
transactions. If an authoritative solution is not available, students should be directed to list all of the issues
involved and the consequences of possible alternative actions. Th e various factors presented can be
weighed to produce a viable solution.
The discussion questions are designed to help students develop research and critical thinking skills in
addressing issues that go beyond the purely mechanical elements of accounting.
2-3
© McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.
