TEST BANK FOR
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH
EDITION CHAPTER 1-54
Chapter 01
MULTIPLE CHOICE
• C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and
subsequently developed a pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination
reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash, dysphagia, and reddened
throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise,
and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and
antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is?
A. a sore throat.
B. streptococcal infection.
C. genetic susceptibility.
D. pharyngitis.
ANS: B
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process.
A sore throat is the manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility
refers to inherited tendency to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to
inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical manifestation of the disease
process.
• A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an
organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of?
A. primary prevention.
B. secondary prevention.
C. tertiary prevention.
D. disease treatment.
ANS: A
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or
reducing exposure for susceptible individuals, in this case by providing
vaccination. Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and
management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and
supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective
functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it
has developed.
• An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie
diet and exercise program. This is an example of?
A. primary prevention.
B. secondary prevention.
C. tertiary prevention.
D. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the
disease such as prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already
, developed obesity. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering
susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary
prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate
disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves
management of the disease once it has developed.
• A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled
to restrict sodium intake. This is an example of?
A. primary prevention.
B. secondary prevention.
C. tertiary prevention.
D. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of
the disease, such as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure.
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or
reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes
rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and
restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the
disease once it has developed.
• After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a
cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example of?
A. primary prevention.
B. secondary prevention.
C. tertiary prevention.
D. disease treatment.
ANS: C
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to
alleviate disability and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a
cholesterol-lowering medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention
is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
susceptible individuals. Secondary prevention is the early detection,
screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment involves
management of the disease once it has developed.
• A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet
demonstrating signs of this disease. This stage of illness is called the stage.?
A. prodromal
B. latent
C. sequela
D. convalescence
ANS: B
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious
agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases,
this period is often called the incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to
the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a
disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise, anorexia, and
nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequela
, refers to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease.
Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical
operation.
• A disease that is native to a particular region is called?
A. epidemic.
B. endemic.
C. pandemic.
D. ethnographic.
ANS: B
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is
a disease that spreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are
epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide.
Ethnographic does not describe a disease distribution pattern.
• In general, with aging, organ size and function?
A. increase.
B. decrease.
C. remain the same.
D. are unknown.
ANS: B
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
• The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease
processes are well established, is referred to as?
A. latent.
B. subclinical.
C. prodromal.
D. convalescence.
ANS: B
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease
processes are well established, is called the subclinical stage. The interval
between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the first appearance of
signs and symptoms may be called a latent period or, in the case of infectious
diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period, or prodrome, refers to
the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a
disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or
surgical operation.
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
• Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might
be explained by? (Select all that apply.)
A. gender difference.
B. situational factors.
C. normal variation.
D. cultural variation.
, E. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E
Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all
determine red blood cell count. Culture affects how manifestations are
perceived (normal versus abnormal).
• Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all
that apply.)
A. genetics.
B. environmental toxins.
C. overcrowding.
D. nutrition.
E. hygiene.
ANS: B, C, D, E
Socioeconomic factors influence disease development via exposure to
environmental toxins (occupational) and overcrowding, nutrition (over- or
undernutrition), and hygiene (e.g., in developing countries). Genetics is not
influenced by socioeconomic factors.
• When determining additional data to gather before making a diagnosis,
what factors need to be considered? (Select all that apply.)
A. Reliability
B. Expense
C. Validity
D. Generalizability
E. Repetition
ANS: A, C
Two considerations one must use when choosing additional data to gather
include the reliability and validity of the tests being weighed. Reliability, or
precision, is the ability of a test to give the same result in repeated
measurements. Validity, or accuracy, is the degree to which a measurement
reflects the true value of the object it is intended to measure. Expense,
generalizability, and repetition are not characteristics that are typically
considered.
• Which of the following statements are accurate when considering
diagnostic testing for an individual with a possible medical condition?
(Select all that apply.)
A. The more often a patient has a test, the more accurate the average result is.
B. Sensitivity is the chance the test will be positive if the
hypothesized disease is present.
C. Testing is generally not accurate during the prodromal stage to make a
diagnosis.
D. Specificity shows that a test will be negative if the person
does not have the disease.
E. Reliability demonstrates a test is accurate under a number of different
conditions.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH
EDITION CHAPTER 1-54
Chapter 01
MULTIPLE CHOICE
• C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and
subsequently developed a pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination
reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash, dysphagia, and reddened
throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise,
and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and
antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is?
A. a sore throat.
B. streptococcal infection.
C. genetic susceptibility.
D. pharyngitis.
ANS: B
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process.
A sore throat is the manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility
refers to inherited tendency to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to
inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical manifestation of the disease
process.
• A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an
organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of?
A. primary prevention.
B. secondary prevention.
C. tertiary prevention.
D. disease treatment.
ANS: A
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or
reducing exposure for susceptible individuals, in this case by providing
vaccination. Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and
management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and
supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective
functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it
has developed.
• An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie
diet and exercise program. This is an example of?
A. primary prevention.
B. secondary prevention.
C. tertiary prevention.
D. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the
disease such as prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already
, developed obesity. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering
susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary
prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate
disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves
management of the disease once it has developed.
• A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled
to restrict sodium intake. This is an example of?
A. primary prevention.
B. secondary prevention.
C. tertiary prevention.
D. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of
the disease, such as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure.
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or
reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes
rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and
restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the
disease once it has developed.
• After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a
cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example of?
A. primary prevention.
B. secondary prevention.
C. tertiary prevention.
D. disease treatment.
ANS: C
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to
alleviate disability and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a
cholesterol-lowering medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention
is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
susceptible individuals. Secondary prevention is the early detection,
screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment involves
management of the disease once it has developed.
• A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet
demonstrating signs of this disease. This stage of illness is called the stage.?
A. prodromal
B. latent
C. sequela
D. convalescence
ANS: B
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious
agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases,
this period is often called the incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to
the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a
disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise, anorexia, and
nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequela
, refers to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease.
Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical
operation.
• A disease that is native to a particular region is called?
A. epidemic.
B. endemic.
C. pandemic.
D. ethnographic.
ANS: B
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is
a disease that spreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are
epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide.
Ethnographic does not describe a disease distribution pattern.
• In general, with aging, organ size and function?
A. increase.
B. decrease.
C. remain the same.
D. are unknown.
ANS: B
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
• The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease
processes are well established, is referred to as?
A. latent.
B. subclinical.
C. prodromal.
D. convalescence.
ANS: B
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease
processes are well established, is called the subclinical stage. The interval
between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the first appearance of
signs and symptoms may be called a latent period or, in the case of infectious
diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period, or prodrome, refers to
the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a
disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or
surgical operation.
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
• Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might
be explained by? (Select all that apply.)
A. gender difference.
B. situational factors.
C. normal variation.
D. cultural variation.
, E. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E
Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all
determine red blood cell count. Culture affects how manifestations are
perceived (normal versus abnormal).
• Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all
that apply.)
A. genetics.
B. environmental toxins.
C. overcrowding.
D. nutrition.
E. hygiene.
ANS: B, C, D, E
Socioeconomic factors influence disease development via exposure to
environmental toxins (occupational) and overcrowding, nutrition (over- or
undernutrition), and hygiene (e.g., in developing countries). Genetics is not
influenced by socioeconomic factors.
• When determining additional data to gather before making a diagnosis,
what factors need to be considered? (Select all that apply.)
A. Reliability
B. Expense
C. Validity
D. Generalizability
E. Repetition
ANS: A, C
Two considerations one must use when choosing additional data to gather
include the reliability and validity of the tests being weighed. Reliability, or
precision, is the ability of a test to give the same result in repeated
measurements. Validity, or accuracy, is the degree to which a measurement
reflects the true value of the object it is intended to measure. Expense,
generalizability, and repetition are not characteristics that are typically
considered.
• Which of the following statements are accurate when considering
diagnostic testing for an individual with a possible medical condition?
(Select all that apply.)
A. The more often a patient has a test, the more accurate the average result is.
B. Sensitivity is the chance the test will be positive if the
hypothesized disease is present.
C. Testing is generally not accurate during the prodromal stage to make a
diagnosis.
D. Specificity shows that a test will be negative if the person
does not have the disease.
E. Reliability demonstrates a test is accurate under a number of different
conditions.
